能量高效的无线传感器网络非均匀分簇路由算法

An Energy Efficient Uneven Clustering Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

针对无线传感器网络能量有限的问题,提出了一种能量高效的非均匀分簇路由算法。算法中首先通过在"热区"内选举传送节点,有效的解决了"热区"内负载不均衡的问题;非"热区"内的节点根据节点的剩余能量选举簇头,簇头选举结束后其余节点加入到距其最近的簇头中;节点入簇后,基于相似数据的收集策略,寻找符合条件的相似节点,休眠其中部分冗余的节点;改进的算法中不再每轮结束后都重新选举簇头,减少了能量的浪费;最后在数据传输阶段,采用改进的簇内单跳,簇间多跳的通信方式传输数据。仿真结果表明,本算法有效的降低了能量的消耗,改善了传感器网络的性能,提高了网络的生存时间。

For limited energy in wireless sensor network,this paper proposed a model based on Energy Efficient Uneven Routing Algorithm. This method effectively solves the load balancing problem by selecting the transfer nodes in the＂hot zone＂. In the clustered formation stage,this algorithm selects among all the nodes some specific cluster heads based on the residual energy of node;the remaining nodes that cannot be cluster heads are selected to join the cluster nearest in order to complete the process of clustering and the network is divided into clusters with different size. Then,the sensor nodes with the same readings can be clustered such that only the representative nodes report their readings. Meanwhile,decreasing the frequency of clustering reduce the energy consumption. Finally,in the data transfer stage,the ordinary nodes send the data through a single-hop routing while the cluster heads send through a multi-hop routing. Our simulation results show that this algorithm is efficient to reduce energy consumption and improve the performance and lifetime of the wireless sensor network.