文物除尘剂的应用研究

The Research of Application of Dust Removal Agent for Cultural Relics

空气污染使得文物的蒙灰现象变得十分普遍,若不及时处理,会掩盖文物信息,更甚者灰尘会渗入文物本体,形成共生体,另外灰尘夹杂的有害物质就会危及文物的安全。本次试验主要采用的是物理方法-面团除尘,此法适用于强度相对较大的石刻、青铜器文物。研究了小麦面粉和莜面、以及保湿剂甘油、除静电剂金纺、防霉剂中草药分别以不同比例混合后的除尘效果,结果表明:同种面团在相同条件下,浓度与黏丝距离、黏附性和最大黏度成正比,浓度越大,黏附性参数随之增加。150g莜面面粉+50g小麦面粉+150ml中药汁+1 mL金纺+1 mL甘油制作的面团更符合本次试验目的,黏丝距离小,不黏物品;最大黏度不大,除尘物品上残留物少。对文物的除尘效果最好。

Dust on cultural artifacts is a common challenge for preservation. Values of the artifacts may be im- paired due to dust and the detrimental materials contained. This experiment examines the physical method of dedust- ing - paste dedusting, which is usually suitable to solid artifacts made by stone or bronze. The experiment tests the efficiency of mixed paste under different proportions, including wheat flour, huUess oat flour, humectant glycerinum, Comfort （for antistatic purpose） and anti-mildew Chinese herbal medicines. The results show that for same paste pro- portion with same conditions, there is a significant association between between concentration and distance of viscin thread, and also between stickiness and maximum viscosity. In other words, the stickiness parameters increase along with the concentration. Moreover, this paste proportion, including 150g hulless oat flour, 50g wheat flour, 150mL Chinese herbal medicine liquid, 1mL Comfort liquid and lmL glycerinum, is the most suitable proportion because its low distance of viscin thread, low maximum viscosity and low paste remains on artifacts. Thus it has the best efficiency.