澳门镜湖医院急诊中毒患者181例流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of 181 acute poisoning patients of Kiang Wu Hospital Macao

目的:回顾分析我院急诊中毒患者的流行病学特点,为本地区急性中毒的进一步防治提供参考数据。方法:收集2012-01-01-2014-09-30到我院就诊的中毒个案,根据性别、年龄、发生时间、患者来源、中毒类型及途径、诊断及转归等进行登记和分析。结果:181例患者,男70例,女111例,平均年龄(31±15)岁。中毒种类主要为药物中毒共100例(53%),酒精中毒33例(18.2%),一氧化碳中毒25例(13.8%),清洁剂中毒7例(3.9%),杀虫剂中毒5例(2.8%),其他11例(6.1%);中毒途径经消化道的占85.1%,经呼吸道占14.9%;中毒动机中有意的占68.5%,无意的占27.6%;中毒动机在年龄组和性别的构成差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。每年12月及1月都是中毒的高峰期;急诊治疗后无死亡病例,离院142例(78.5%),入院39例(21.5%),转入ICU1例,住院平均2.6d。结论:本研究回顾了近期澳门地区急诊中毒的特点及临床基本资料,为澳门急性中毒防治的科研项目提供最新的流行病学资料。

Objective：To review and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of acute poisoning patients in the AE department of Kiang Wu Hospital Macao to provide data for regional further prevention-oriented of acute poisoning.Method：Total 181 cases with acute poisoning were collected from January 2012 to September 2014 in AE department of Kiang Wu hospital.All the patients were statistically analyzed according to sex,age,time of occurrence,cause,toxicant,diagnosis and prognosis.Result：Total of 181 patients,70 males and 111 females were enrolled,average age was 31 years.Drugs were the major cause of poisoning 100cases（53%）,including alcoholism33cases（18.2%）,carbon monoxide 25cases（13.8%）,pesticide poisoning 5cases（2.8%）,detergent poisoning 7cases（3.9%）,and the other 11cases（6.1%）.Poisoning through the digestive tract accounted for 85.1%,and 14.9% through the respiratory tract.Intentional poisoning accounted for 68.5%,and unintentional poisoning accounted for 27.6%.There was significant difference in age and gender in poisoning motivation（P〈0.05）.December and January was the peak of intoxication.142cases（78.5%）left hospital after emergency treatment,39cases（21.5 %）were admitted and 1case transferred to ICU.The average hospital stay was 2.6days.Conclusion：This study summarizes the features of recent emergency poisoning and clinical information.It provides the latest epidemiological information for the research of acute poisoning treatment and prevention in Macao.