认知、组织与形式:新中国成立初期中国共产党的反腐实践与启示

Cognition, Organization and Instrument: The CPC's Anti-corruption Practice in the Early Stage of New China

新中国成立初期,中国共产党发动了大规模的反腐运动,有力地打击了腐败现象。特定阶段的党情、国情与世情形塑了意识形态化的腐败认知,中央及地方各级党委的直接领导及专门成立领导组织和专案组,提升了反腐组织的权力;规模化、集中化反腐运动的开展和运动式反腐形式选择,起到了"不敢腐""不愿腐"的作用。这一反腐实践启示我们,要高度重视腐败对党和国家的严重危害性,标本兼治,对腐败采取零容忍态度,提高腐败的成本;要提升制度化反腐机制的独立性、自主性,赋予与之相匹配的权力;要推进制度反腐与依法反腐,优化党和国家腐败治理体系,提升治理能力。

In the early stage of new China, the Communist Party of China launched a massive anti-corruption campaign. It effectively combated corruption. However, in the specific political, national and international situation, the party＇s cognition of corruption was ideologically characterized. The direct leadership of the central and local governments as well as special leading organizations and investigation teams enhanced the anti-corruption power. The launch of large-scale centralized anti- corruption campaigns and the choice of anti-corruption form played an important role in rooting out corruption. It tells us that we must pay attention to the damage of corruption to the Party and the country. We should seek both temporary and permanent solutions, adopt a ＂zero tolerance＂ attitude to corruption and increase the cost of corruption. We need to improve the independence and autonomy of institutional mechanisms for anti-corruption and confer matched power. We should promote institutional anti-corruption according to the law, optimize the party and state corruption governance system and improve governance capacity.