危险的“再生”:日本教育委员会制度的新改革

The Risky Rebuilding: A Commentary on the Reform of the Board of Education System in Japan

教育委员会制度作为二战后日本教育改革的重要举措,是通过在地方自治体设立独立于地方首长的教育委员会,使教育行政从政府的一般行政中独立出来的一种教育行政制度。自设立以来,为日本摆脱战前教育的中央集权化,保证教育的政治中立性和延续性提供了可靠保障。不过,安倍晋三上台以来,在"教育再生"的口号之下,强力推动新一轮教育委员会制度改革,并于2014年6月通过了《地方教育行政法改正案》。此次改革导致首长权限扩大,国家对教育的控制力加强,体现出新世纪以来整体右倾的日本政权在教育改革方面的基本特点。

As the major measure of the Japanese education revolution after World War II, the board of education system is a regional education administrative system, which was set up in local government independently from the local heads. This allows the educational administration to independently exist from other government administrations. Since its establishment, it has provided the reliable guarantee to get rid of the pre-war education centralization and to ensure the political neutrality and continuity of the education in Japan. However, under the slogan of ＂education rebuilding＂ , Abe Shinzo significantly promoted a new round of the reform of the board of education system and passed through the Adminis- trative Law Amendment to Local Education in June 2014. This reform led to an expansion of the chief authority and the enhancement of national control to the education, which reflected the basic characters of the whole right-oriented Japanese regime education reform in the new century.