微束技术在放射生物学中的应用

Microbeam Application in Radiation Biology

微束装置可以为生命科学研究提供微米定位、剂量特定的电离辐射,在生物体内的电离辐射靶物质及其敏感度、靶物质的损伤及修复机制研究中具有独特的作用。概述了生物微束装置和实验技术的发展及其在低剂量辐射效应、旁观者效应、信号传导研究中的主要应用;介绍了中国科学院近代物理研究所(IMP)重离子微束装置,该装置可以提供能量7～80 Me V/u、传能线密度为30～3000 ke V/μm的重离子微束,实现了活细胞辐照和在线观察、小鼠定位辐照的实验技术;利用IMP微束装置在重离子诱导旁效应实验、小鼠下丘脑重离子辐照效应和DNA损伤快速修复动态等方面取得了一些实验成果。

The microbeam facility can provide micrometer scale localized and predefined ionizing radiation in the life science study, and the microbeam techniques play a unique role in determining the target substances of ionizing radiation, as well as in the study of radiation sensitivity, mechanisms of radiation damage response and repair. This paper summarizes the technical developments of biological microbeam facilities and their applications in the studies of low-dose radiation effect, bystander effect and cellular signaling. This paper also introduces the recent developments at the heavy-ion microbeam facility in the Institute of Modern Physics（IMP）, which can provide heavy ion microbeam irradiation with energy of 7 ～ 80 Me V/u and LET of 30 ～ 3 000 ke V/μm. The facility can perform radiobiological irradiation and online investigation in living cells and mice, including bystander effect study, sleeping system influence after irradiation to mice hypothalamus and the recruitment dynamics of XRCC1 protein.