采煤塌陷干扰下风沙区土壤理化性质变化特征

Characteristics of Soil Properties in Windy Desert Area Caused by Coal Mining Subsidence

为了探讨采煤塌陷对土壤理化性质的影响,该文以神府-东胜煤田的大柳塔矿区为研究对象,采用对比法系统分析了塌陷区和未塌陷区土壤理化性质的变化特征。结果表明：（1）采煤塌陷使土壤容重减小3.7%~27.5%,孔隙度增大13.3%~76.4%,土壤水分损失9.1%~15.8%（P〈0.05）,土壤粘粒含量减少,土壤质地砂化。（2）塌陷对土壤全氮、有机质的影响较大,对全磷、全钾的影响较小。与对照区相比,0~60 cm土壤有机质流失1.9%~56.1%,0~10 cm土壤全氮含量下降29.1%~39.1%（P〈0.05）。（3）不同坡位处,坡顶和坡中的土壤容重、孔隙度和有机质受沉陷的影响最大,坡中土壤水分损失最多（P〈0.05）。随着塌陷年限的延长,土壤容重和孔隙度有恢复趋势,塌陷后土壤水分的恢复需要较长时间。

In order to discuss the influence on soil physical and chemical properties affected by coal-mining subsidence,the article analyzed the changes of various soil properties between subsidence and non-subsidence areas in Daliuta Mine of Shendong coalfield. The results showed that soil bulk density decreased by 3.7 %~27.5%,soil porosity increased by 13.3%~76.4% and soil moisture significantly loss by 9.1%~15.8% in subsidence areas（P〈0.05）. The content of physical clay declined and the particles of soil became coarse. Soil organic matter and soil total N were easily influenced by subsidence than soil total P and K. The content of soil organic matter from 0 ~60 cm reduced by 1.9% ~56.1% and soil total N from 0 ~10 cm decreased by 29.1%~39.1% compared with those in non-subsidence areas（P〈0.05）. From the perspective of different positions of slope,soil bulk density,soil porosity and soil organic matter changed obviously on top and in middle of slope. However,soil moisture loss in middle of slope was significantly（P〈0.05）. As time goes on,soil bulk density and soil porosity had a recovery trend compared with non-subsidence,but the recovery of soil moisture after subsidence would take a long time.