维持性血液透析患者跌倒的相关因素分析及专科化预防对策

Causes of falls in maintenance hemodialysis patients and the specialization preventive measures

目的：评估维持性血液透析患者跌倒发生的危险因素及护理干预措施，减少跌倒事件的发生。方法：将我院2012年1月～2015年12月我科64例维持性血液透析患者发生的跌倒事件作为研究对象，采用回顾调查方法，进行跌倒原因分析。结果：18．75％的患者跌倒发生在透析中心，81．25％的患者跌倒发生在回家途中或家中。其中透析低血压占39．06％，透析相关心律失常占25％。结论：患者跌倒与护士评估能力不足、防护措施不完善、相关培训不足等有关，应从建立专科化预防小组，收集完善健康档案，实施专科化预防措施，不断改进护理措施，从而减少跌倒事件的发生。

Objective：To evaluate the risk factors of falls in maintenance hemodialysis patients as well as the nursing interventions to reduce the occurrence of falls. Methods：A total of 64 maintenance hemodialysis patients with falls in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2015 were selected as research objects. By using the retrospective survey method, the fall causes were analyzed. Results：There were 18.75 % of these fails occurred at the dialysis center and 81.25% of the patients fell on their way home or at home, among which dialysis hypotension accounted for 39.06% and dialysis -related arrhythmia accounted for 25 %. Conclusion：The patients＇ falls are related to the insufficiency of nurses＇ evaluation ability, the imperfect protection measures and the lack of relevant training. Therefore, we should establish specialized prevention teams, collect and improve health records, implement specialized preventive measures and improve nursing measures to reduce falls of the patients.