孕期知信行教育对提高初产妇盆底肌康复相关知识的影响

Effect of knowledge-attitude-practice education on improving the knowledge of pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation during pregnancy

目的：观察孕期知信行教育对提高盆底肌康复相关知识的作用。方法：选择我院产科门诊2015年1～9月建卡自愿配合研究的初产妇171例，将其随机分为观察组80例和对照组91例，对照组孕妇予以产前定期检查和常规健康教育；观察组于孕期开设孕妇学校，采用知信行模式健康教育，孕35～36周应用自制调查问卷，调查两组孕妇对盆底肌康复相关知识的认知及尿频、夜尿、尿失禁、盆腔坠胀感发生率。结果：观察组孕妇知道盆底肌功能障碍性疾病相关知识、主要症状、盆底肌功能障碍性疾病与妊娠、分娩的关系、盆底肌锻炼可防治盆底肌功能障碍性疾病、盆底肌锻炼方法率高于对照组（P〈0．05），每日康复锻炼孕妇多于对照组（P〈0．05），孕35—36周尿频、夜尿、尿失禁、盆腔坠胀感发生率均低于对照组（P〈0．05）.结论：知信行模式是一种行之有效的教育模式，可提高孕妇盆底肌康复相关知识，从而促使其主动锻炼，积极防治妊娠期和产后盆底功能障碍。

Objective ： To observe the effect of knowledge - attitude - practice education on improving the knowledge of pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation dur- ing pregnancy. Methods ： One hundred and seventy - one primiparous women were randomly divided into observation group with 80 patients and control group with 91 patients. Pregnant women in the control group were given routine prenatal examination and routine health examination, The observation group re- ceived education in pregnant school during pregnancy. The knowledge - attitude - practice model health education was conducted and during the 35 - 36 weeks pregnancy, self - made questionnaire was applied to investigate the two groups of pregnant women on pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation related knowl- edge and urinary frequency, nocturia, urinary incontinence, the incidence of pelvic bulge. Results：The knowledge of the pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, the main symptoms, the relationship between pelvic floor muscle dysfunction and pregnancy and childbirth were observed. Pelvic floor muscle exercise could prevent pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, pelvic floor muscle （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The daily urinary frequency, nocturia, urinary incontinence and pelvic bulge sen- sation were found in 35 - 36 weeks pregnant women （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The daily exercise - training rate was higher than that in the control group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion：The model of knowledge - attitude - practice is an effective education model, which can improve the knowledge of pelvic floor muscle recovery. It can promote active exercise and actively prevent the pelvic floor dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum.