2015年北京市密云区中小学生饮食习惯调查

Survey on dietary habits of primary and middle school students in Miyun District of Beijing in 2015

目的了解和掌握北京市密云区中小学生饮食习惯和营养相关认知现状,为制定营养教育、营养干预策略提供基础数据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,北京市密云区557名学生进行问卷调查。结果学生坚持每天吃早餐率为56.8%,早餐吃饱率为51.8%、午餐吃饱率为66.4%、晚餐吃饱率为67.1%。学生每天吃早餐率、早餐吃饱率、午餐吃饱率、晚餐吃饱率均呈现小学高于初中,初中高于高中;非住宿学生高于住宿学生,差异均有统计学意义（χ2值分别为79.317、79.767、45.746、66.814;43.339、11.327、31.393、27.705,均P〈0.01）。学生每日摄入粗杂粮、肉类、蛋类、奶类、豆制品率分别为15.6%、20.0%、19.1%、49.1%、7.8%;学生每日摄入2种谷类为46.4%,每日摄入3种及以上蔬菜为45.1%,每日摄入2种水果为38.8%。学生日饮水量≤1 000 ml的占60.3%,20.7%的学生选择无碳酸含糖饮料,17.6%的学生选择不喝饮料;学生每周喝饮料1~3次者占36.6%。营养知识方面,小学、初中、高中学生回答5个及以上正确率呈现高中高于初中,初中高于小学,三者差异有统计学意义（χ~2值为21.656,P〈0.05）。结论密云区中小学生存在不良饮食行为,营养知识水平不高,应针对学生、家长、学校开展相关营养知识健康教育工作,并制定相关政策促进学生合理膳食,养成健康生活方式。

[Objective]To understand and master the current status of dietary habits and nutritional cognition among primary and middle school students in Miyun District of Beijing,provide basic data for developing the nutrition education and nutrition intervention strategies.[Methods]By the multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method,the questionnaire investigation was performed in 557 students of Miyun District.[Results]56.8% of students ate breakfast every day. The satisfied rate to breakfast,lunch and dinner was 51.8%,66.4% and 67.1%,respectively. The rate of having breakfast,and the satisfied rates to breakfast,lunch and dinner among elementary school students were higher than those among junior high school students,and the rates of junior high school students were higher than those of senior high school students,while the rates of non-accommodation students were higher than those of accommodation students,and the differences were statistically significant（χ2 value was respectively79.317,79.767,45.746,66.814,43.339,11.327,31.393 and 27.705,P 0.01）. The proportion of students ate coarse grains,meat,eggs,milk and soy products daily was 15.6%,20.0%,19.1%,49.1% and 7.8%,respectively. The proportion of students daily ate two kinds of grains,three kinds of vegetables and above and two kinds of fruits was 46.4%,45.1% and 38.8%,respectively. There were60.3% of students whose water intake below 1 000 ml daily. 20.7% of students chose non-carbonated sugary drinks,17.6% did not drink beverage,and proportion of students drank beverage 1-3 times per week was 36.6%. For the Nutritional knowledge,the correct answering rate of 5 questions and above in senior high school students was higher than that in junior high school students,while the rate in junior high school students was higher than that in elementary school students,and the differences were statistically significant（χ~2=21.656,P0.05）.[Conclusion]There are some bad eating behaviors among the middle and primary school students in Miyun District,and the nutritional knowledge level is not high. It is necessary to carry out the relevant health education of nutrition knowledge among students,parents and schools,and formulate relevant policies to promote a reasonable diet and develop a healthy lifestyle among students.