汕头市某化工企业液氨车间事故通风系统的优化完善

Optimization of emergency ventilation system in liquid ammonia workplace of a chemical enterprise in Shantou City

目的了解汕头市某化工企业液氨车间的职业卫生现状,优化完善其事故通风系统,使其符合国家相关法规、规范的要求。方法运用职业卫生现场调查方法,对液氨车间建筑卫生学、设备布局、生产工艺和通风系统等进行调查与分析。通过查阅相关标准与文献,确定从加大排风量和改善气流组织形式两方面入手,优化完善其事故通风系统。结果优化完善后液氨车间采用的可调速式防爆轴流风机在最高转速时排风量可达到3 000 m^3/h,车间换气次数大于12次/h。通过采用调整排风口位置与增设1个进风口的措施,使液氨车间气流组织更加合理。结论该企业工作场所在原有通风系统的基础上,采用既简单又经济的措施完善了事故通风系统,满足事故通风要求;达到预期的效果。存在可能突然放散大量有毒气体、有爆炸危险气体或粉尘场所的企业,应按国家相关法规、规范设置事故通风系统,并做好维护保养,确保在事故发生时事故通风系统能有效运行。

[Objective] To know the status of occupational health in liquid ammonia workplace of a chemical enterprise in Shantou City,optimize the emergency ventilation system,and make it meet the requirements of the relevant national laws and regulations.[Methods]By the field occupational health investigation,the building hygiene,equipment layout,production process and ventilation system of the liquid ammonia workplace were surveyed and analyzed. According to relevant standards and literature,the emergency ventilation system was optimized and perfected by increasing exhaust air volume and improving airflow organization.[Results]After optimization,the adjustable speed explosion-proof axial flow fan in liquid ammonia workplace had the exhaust air volume of 3 000 m3/h at the maximum speed,and the ventilation frequency of the workplace was higher than 12 times per hour. By adjusting the outlet position and adding one air inlet,the airflow organization of the workplace became more reasonable.[Conclusion]On the basis of original ventilation system in the workplace,the emergency ventilation system is optimized by the simple and economical measures,which meets emergency ventilation requirements and achieves the desired results. The enterprise with risks of sudden release of large amounts of toxic gases,explosive dangerous gas or dust should set up the emergency ventilation system according to relevant national laws and regulations and carry out the maintenance,so as to ensure the emergency ventilation system runs effectively when the accident occurs.