灾区移民城镇化的困境与出路——以武汉市洪山区天兴洲为例

Difficulties and Solutions of Urbanization of Immigrants in Disaster Area——Taking Tianxingzhou,Hongshan District,Wuhan City as an Example

武汉市天兴洲是1998年洪水之后移民建镇政策下出现的长江岛屿型村镇转型的典型代表。十几年来,受移民政策影响,天兴洲绝大部分村民迁往武汉市区并在移民新村聚居,天兴洲的定位随之发生了巨大转变,即,从传统农田保护区转变为郊野公园,经济开发主体和产业结构明显调整,生态旅游等服务业增长,农业内部也向多元化发展,乡村空间结构深刻改变。但天兴洲的转型还面临着多重困难,不仅受制于自然条件和资金支撑不足,还表现为基层工作被动、资源配置错位和新的社会不公。这既需要天兴洲村民自身的承担和付出,也需要各级政府不断完善移民政策。

Because of the flood of the Yangtze River in 1998, the local govenunent took an ＂Immigrafion and construction of new towns＂ policy in Wuhan City. Under its influence, some island-based towns in the Yangtze River changes greatly. Tianxing town is inch a typical model, which has transfonned from the traditional rural town to a suburban Frank. Dtuing the hst 10 years period, its economic development body and industrial smlcture has profotmdly tramfonned. The service sector grows, especially in the tourissn industry. And the agriculture began to diverify. At the same time, the rur, tl spafial strucvare also appems to change. But the wartsfomlafion of the Tbnnxing town is fichag mulitiple difficallfies, which not only are the natural and economic reason, but also minly are the weakness of the gtassmots govemment, resource dislocation ,and new social injustice. This requires both commitment and endeavor of the vllagers themsdves, but also reties on the govemments at levds to improve the immigrafion and related pofides to resolve.