北京市三年内每日花粉浓度与变应性鼻炎患者就诊比例的关联分析

Correlation between the visiting rate of patients with allergic rhinitis and airborne pollen concentrations in Beijing in recent 3 years

目的探讨2012—2014年北京市花粉漂浮期的花粉浓度与变应性鼻炎（AR）患者就诊情况的变化规律，分析二者的关联性。 方法将2012—2014年4—9月北京市气象局所测得的每日花粉浓度（共55 998个测量值和549个平均值）及组成比例按月份进行比较；将2012年1月—2014年12月就诊于北京大学第三医院诊断为AR的患者44 203人次及其占耳鼻喉科门诊总就诊量的比例（门诊构成比）按月份进行比较。应用SPSS 22.0软件，对不同月份AR患者的门诊构成比及花粉漂浮浓度进行K多独立样本的非参数检验（Kruskal-Wallis检验），并对每日AR患者门诊构成比与该日花粉浓度进行Pearson相关分析。P〈0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果2012—2014年花粉浓度的月间比较χ2值分别为110.7、108.4和121.4，P值均〈0.01，差异均具有统计学意义；每年花粉浓度变化的总体趋势相似，存在2个高峰，即4—5月和8—9月。2012—2014年AR患者门诊构成比的月间比较χ2值分别为175.0、185.1和134.5，P值均〈0.01，差异均具有统计学意义；每年AR患者的门诊构成比均存在2个高峰，其变化与花粉浓度变化的趋势在时间上表现出一致性。春季（4—5月）气传花粉漂浮浓度最高点位于4月的上旬与中旬，种类主要以树木花粉为主，包括杨树、松树、柏树、桦木属及白腊树等；夏末及秋季（8—9月）气传花粉漂浮浓度最高点位于8月下旬与9月上旬，种类主要以草类花粉为主，包括蒿属、黎科、葎草等。2012—2014年AR患者门诊构成比与花粉浓度的r值分别为0.537、0.484及0.566，呈中度正相关，P值均〈0.01。 结论北京市3年内AR患者的门诊构成比与气传花粉浓度存在关联性。

Objective To evaluate the daily airborne pollen concentrations and visiting rate of patients with allergic rhinitis （AR） and their correlation during 2012 -2014 in Beijing. Methods Daily airborne pollen concentrations （55 998 numbers in total and 549 numbers in average） and its constitution from April to September each year （2012 to 2014） were compared. The number of patients with AR （44 203 in total） who visited the outpatient department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital between January 2012 and December 2014 was analyzed by month. Using SPSS 22.0 software, Kruskal-Wallis test was done for the comparison of visiting rote of patients with AR and airborne pollen concentrations. Correlation analysis between them was made as well. Results χ2 value of airborne pollen concentrations between different months in 2012 to 2014 was 110.7, 108.4 and 121.4, respectively; all P 〈 0.01. The airborne pollen concentrations had two peaks per year, respectively： April to May, August to September. X： value of visiting rate of patients with AR between different months in 2012 to 2014 was 175.0, 185.1 and 134.5, respectively; all P 〈0.01. Visiting rate of patients with AR showed two scattering peaks each year, respectively： April to May, August to September. The highest pollen concentration of spring （ April to May） was in early and middle April. Tree pollen was the major portion in spring, which were poplar pollen, pine tree pollen, ash tree pollen, cypress tree pollen and birch trees pollen. The highest pollen concentration of autumn （August to September） was in late August and early September. Weed pollen was the major portion in summer and autumn, which were artemisia pollen, chenopodiaceae pollen and humulus japonicas pollen. The visiting rate of patients with AR showed significant correlation with airborne pollen concentrations （r value was 0. 537, 0.484 and 0. 566, respectively; all P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion The visiting rate of patients with AR showed positive correlation with airborne pollen concentrations in recent three years.