矿山边坡绿化基质的优化配比

Optimal ratio of greening substrates in mine slope

矿山边坡生态恢复和重建是矿区生态环境建设的有效途径,而绿化基质是矿山边坡生态恢复和重建的重要因素。基于正交实验和盆栽实验,以土壤、活性污泥、炉渣、粉煤灰、保水剂、尿素和秸秆等物质为基质原料,研究绿化基质的理化性质及出苗率特征。研究结果表明:与对照黄土相比,绿化基质pH相对较低,仍属于碱性土壤,而电导率、有机质和铵态氮相对较高,表明盐分和养分含量较高;污泥的配比含量是影响绿化基质入渗、蒸发、pH、电导率、有机质和出苗率等指标的关键因素;各因素对出苗率的影响强度从大到小依次为:污泥和粉煤灰、秸秆、土壤和炉渣、尿素、保水剂;基质的最优配比为:保水剂(11~15 g)、污泥和粉煤灰(150∶600)、土壤和炉渣(375∶375~600∶150)、尿素(0 g)、秸秆(30 g)。

The restoration and reconstruction of mine slopes is an effective method to restore the ecological environment of mining areas and,in this endeavor,greening substrates play a vital role. Based on an orthogonal experiment and a pot experiment,and relevant to the different quality ratios of fly ash,soil,sludge,slag,water retention agent,urea,straw,and other substances mixed into the greening substrates,we studied the characteristics of physics,chemistry,and the germination rate of the substrates. The results indicated that compared with loess control,the pH value of the greening substrates was relatively low. Still belong to alkaline soil,while the conductivity,organic matter,and ammonium nitrogen were relatively high,which indicated that the salt and nutrient contents were higher. The ratio of the sludge was the crucial factor in the infiltration,evaporation,pH,conductance,organic matter,and seedling rate of the greening substrates. The impact strength of each factor to the seedling emergence rate was sludge and fly ash,straw,soil and slag,urea,and water retaining agent. The optimum proportions for greening substrates were water retention agent（ 11—15 g）,sludge and fly ash（ 150 ∶600）,soil and slag（ 375 ∶ 375-600 ∶ 150）,urea（ 0 g）,and straw（ 30 g）.