KEY CHINESE CONCEPTS

中国文化核心词

Under the feudal system,the lord granted noble titles,fiefs,and surfs to his relatives and offcials and allowed them to establish dukedoms.A fef was smaller than the territory under the direct control of the lord,Although subject to the rule of the lord,a dukedom enjoyed a high degree of autonomy in its military and administrative affairs,They functioned as checks and balances in protecting their lord,To be hereditary,a dukedom needed the lord's approval and also to pay tribute to him.Feudalism as a political system is believed to have started in the reign of the legendary Yellow Emperor,and to have become established in the Western Zhou Dynasty(1046-771 BC).

即封邦建国。古代帝王将爵位、土地和人口分封给亲戚和功臣,让他们在封地内建国,各封围规模小于王室直辖领地;在遵循王窜统治秩序的前提下,各封国在军、政等方面具有很高的自主性,封国之间相互制衡,共同拱卫王室。封国的世袭要经王摩确认,并按规定向王室缴纳贡赋。作为一种政治制度,封建制相传始于黄帝时期,至西周时期达于完备;它与基于血缘家族制而形成的宗法制互为表里,并随之衍生出等级身份制等。