论作为文学空间的世界文学

World Literature as a Literary Space

世界文学具有多重含义。学界在讨论世界文学时,往往并没有注意区分学科设置中的世界文学、实际教研中的世界文学和作为前沿学术问题的世界文学。就最后一层含义来说,国际学界对这一问题的思考主要针对世界文学机制,而非世界文学作品。这种思考源于20世纪70年代以来学者们对世界的重新认识,而这种机制实际上是世界机制。但这一世界并不完全等同于现实世界,而是独特的文学世界,即一种空间。这种空间里的实质内容,是更加复杂和精微的文学关系。因此,作为空间的世界文学,是文学研究的新范式,也是比较文学研究的新课题。

＂World literature＂ has multiple meanings such as world literature as a discipline, as a pedagogical practice, or as a theoretical problem. As to the last meaning of the concept, scholars worldwide have emphasized the institution of world literature more than world literature works. This emphasis comes as a result of a rethinking of the world after the 1970s, so that the ＂institution＂ here is substantially the institution of the world. However, this ＂world＂ should not be taken as the real world, hut a unique world of literature, and the essence of this institution is the more complex and more subtle literary relationship. Therefore, world literature as a literary space is a new paradigm in literary studies and a new subject in comparative literature studies.