创新研究的系统性方法:源起与发展

System Approach of Innovation Study:Theoretical Source and Evolution

本文通过探究创新系统及相关理论的源起与发展,来辨析其理论核心。本文强调,系统性理论方法的核心在于揭示创新是一个涉及社会多主体的、反复的互动过程,由此市场必然是一个"受组织的市场";创新政策的核心在于修补"系统失灵"或"生态失灵",而不仅仅是解决个别的"市场失灵"。但创新研究本身所揭示的创新活动的演化性和复杂的系统性特征,又使得其在界定系统边界与标准化研究工具上存在困境,从而使得创新系统中的任何一个行动者无法获得完全的信息和能力,这就要求政策决策者在进行政策操作时增强系统性观念,同时保持政策的灵活性和协作性。

This paper gives an in-depth investigation to the theoretical source of the NIS and two of its relevant perspectives. These systemic approaches emphasize innovation as a process involving multiple social actors and iterative interactions between. Therefore, a market for innovation must be an ＂organized market＂ , and the central task of innovation policy shall respond to ＂systemic failures＂ or ＂ecological failures＂, rather than ＂market failures＂ . However, the evolutionary features of innovation process and complexity of innovation system brings about difficulties in defining system boundaries and standardizing analytical tools. It has the actors within disable to obtain sufficient information and develop perfect adjustment capability. Systemic consideration shall be compulsive for policy-makers, and policies for frontier domains shall remain their flexibility.