杏李品种授粉亲和性研究

A study on the pollination compatibility of different cultivars of Prunus salicina×armeniaca with different pollenizers

【目的】探究不同杏李品种的授粉亲和性,为杏李的授粉树合理配置提供依据。【方法】以3种杏李为母本,互相授粉,并以2个李品种及2个杏品种作父本,通过观察花粉量、花粉活力、坐果率及花粉管生长状况,探讨其授粉亲和性。【结果】‘赛买提’的花粉量最高,‘风味皇后’的花粉活力最高,‘味帝’的活力极低;3种杏李自花授粉坐果率极低;‘风味皇后’ב恐龙蛋’、‘风味皇后’ב美丽李’、‘恐龙蛋’ב风味皇后’、‘恐龙蛋’ב女神’、‘味帝’ב风味皇后’、‘味帝’ב恐龙蛋’及‘味帝’ב赛买提’的坐果率较高,花粉管较早到达花柱基部;‘风味皇后’ב味帝’、‘恐龙蛋’ב味帝’及‘味帝’ב美丽李’、‘味帝’ב女神’的坐果率差,花粉管不易深入花柱。【结论】‘风味皇后’和‘恐龙蛋’可互为授粉树,2者与‘赛买提’均适合作‘味帝’的授粉树;‘美丽李’和‘女神’适宜作‘风味皇后’及‘恐龙蛋’的授粉树;而‘味帝’不适宜作为授粉树。

【Objective】The study investigated pollination compatibility of different cultivars of Prunus salicina×armeniaca with different pollen sources in order to select suitable pollinizer varieties and to provide reference for reasonable arrangement of pollinizers for cultivation.【Methods】Three cultivars of P. salicina×armeniaca were used as female parents, and one cultivar of Chinese plum, one cultivar of P. domestica L. and two cultivars of apricot as male parent. The pollen quantity and pollen viability of the tested cultivars were examined before cross pollinations were carried out and fruit set in the three cultivars of P. salicina×armeniaca after self-pollination, cross-pollination with the pollens of the above-mentioned parents and open pollination was recorded. At 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 h after pollination, pollen tube growth in the FAA-fixed styles was observed, and the compatibility of different pollination combinations was compared.【Results】The average pollen quantity in a single flower of all the tested cultivars was1 120 000 grains per flower and that the average pollen viability was 31.9%. The highest pollen quantity per flower was found in‘Saimaiti＇with 2 810 000 grains per flower and the lowest was in‘Nüshen＇with only 370 000 grains per flower. Among the three cultivars of P. salicina×armeniaca,‘Konglongdan＇had the largest pollen quantity（960 000 grains per flower）, while‘Fengweihuanghou＇had the fewest（560 000 grains per flower）. However, pollen viability of‘Fengweihuanghou＇was the highest（65.1%）, and that of‘Weidi＇was the lowest with only 3.3%. Self-pollination in the three cultivars of P. salicina×armeniacagenerated an extremely low fruit set, which was 0 in‘Fengweihuanghou＇and‘Weidi＇2.16% in‘Konglongdan＇. Therefore, the three cultivars of P. salicina×armeniaca were self-incompatible. There were some differences in fruit set among different pollination combinations. Open pollination of‘Fengweihuanghou＇produced a fruit set rate of 6.72%. Fruit set rate in‘Fengweihuanghou＇בKonglongdan＇and‘Fengweihuanghou＇בMeilili＇was 3.33% and 2.62%, respectively, and it was 0 in the cases of‘Fengweihuanghou＇בWeidi＇and‘Fengweihuanghou＇בNüshen＇. The fruit set rate in open pollination of‘Konglongdan＇was 8.52%, which was the highest among the three cultivars of P. salicina×armeniaca. Fruit set rate in‘Konglongdan＇בMeilili＇,‘Konglongdan＇בNüshen＇and‘Konglongdan＇בJianali＇was 8.87%,13.86% and 0.41%, respectively. Open pollination in‘Weidi＇generated a fruit set rate of 4.31%, and the fruit set rate in‘Weidi＇בKonglongdan＇,‘Weidi＇בMeilii＇and‘Weidi＇בJianali＇was 7.28%, 6.25%and 1.38%, respectively. In the pistils of the three cultivars of P. salicina×armeniaca as the female parent,the pollens from different parents began to germinate 10 h after pollination, and the pollen tubes of some cultivars reached the base of the style 120 h after pollination. There were differences in processes of pollen germination and pollen tube growth among different cultivars. The pollen tube of some cultivars never reached the base of style. Some of the pollen tubes in the case of‘Fengweihuanghou＇בKonglongdan＇had grown to the base of the style 72 h after pollination, and the ratio of the pollen tubes that reached the base of the style 96 h after pollination was 80%, but the pollen tubes in the case of‘Fengweihuanghou＇בWeidi＇and‘Fengweihuanghou＇בJianali＇failed to reach the base of the style. The pollen tubes in‘Konglongdan＇בSaimaiti＇had reached the base of the style 48 h after pollination, and the ratio of the pollen tubes in‘Konglongdan＇בNüshen＇reached the base of the style 72 h after pollination was 60%,but those in the cases of‘Konglongdan＇בWeidi＇and‘Konglongdan＇בMeilili＇never reached the base of the style. The pollen tubes in‘Weidi＇בFengweihuanghou＇,‘Weidi＇בJianali＇and‘Weidi＇בSaimaiti＇grew vigorously and entered the base of the style 72 h after pollination, with a percentage of the pollen tubes entered the ovule 144 h after pollination of 100%. However, the pollen tube of‘Weidi＇בMeilili＇and‘Weidi＇בNüshen＇failed to reach the base of style.【Conclusion】The pollen of‘Konglongdan＇is more highly compatible with‘Fengweihuanghou＇than the other pollen sources studied. Both of them and‘Saimaiti＇are suitable pollinizers for‘Weidi＇. The pollination compatibility between‘Fengweihuanghou＇and two cultivars of apricot is weak.‘Meilili＇and‘Nüshen＇are suitable as the pollen suppliers for‘Fengweihuanghou＇and‘Konglongdan＇, but not suitable‘Weidi＇. The pollen viability of‘Weidi＇is very low with poor compatibility with P. salicina×armeniaca cultivars, and therefore it is not a suitable pollinizer.