种植方式和密度对小豆产量及干物质积累的影响

Effects of Cropping Pattern and Density on Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation of Adzuki Bean

为探讨黑龙江西部半干旱地区小豆高产高效栽培技术措施,采用裂区设计,在平播、65cm垄作、110cm垄作方式下,研究9、13、17、21、25万株/hm^2密度对小豆子粒产量及干物质积累动态的影响。结果表明,不同种植方式的单株荚数和单株粒数均在9万株/hm^2时最高,110和65cm垄作主茎荚数随密度增加呈降低趋势;相同种植方式下,不同密度处理对小豆百粒重的影响较之对其他性状(分枝数除外)稍小,不同种植方式随密度增加小豆茎叶干物质积累量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,小豆荚和子粒干物质积累量随生育进程呈上升趋势。平播和65cm垄作在17万株/hm^2时小豆产量最高,分别为1 387.67和1 723.53kg/hm^2;110cm垄作条件下,21万株/hm^2时小豆产量最高,为1 901.07kg/hm^2;故黑龙江西部半干旱地区110cm垄作,密度21万株/hm^2为小豆适宜种植模式。

In order to investigate the effects of cropping pattern and density on yield and dry matter accumulation of adzuki bean in semi-arid area of western Heilongjiang, a split plot design including plain cropping and ridge cropping （65cm, 110cm between ridges） were applied with seed rate of 90,000 plant/hm2, 130,000 plant/hm2, 170,000 plant/ hm2, 210,000 plant/hm2, 250,000 plant/hm2. Results showed that the pods per plant and seed per plant of different cropping patterns in 90,000 plant/hm2 was the highest. In 110cm and 65cm cropping patterns, pods/main stem pods and 100-seed weight decreased with increased population density; population density showed little effect to 100-seed weight. Cropping patterns and population density showed stronger effects on the dry matter accumulation of stems and leaves. Pods per plant and grain yield increased with the increase of dry matter accumulation. Plain cropping and 65cm ridge cropping produced highest yield of 1 387.67kg/hm2 and 1 723.53kg/hm2 in 170,000 plant/hm2 population density. 1 lOcm ridge cropping pattern with 210,000 plant/hm2 population density produced highest yield of 1 901.07kg/ hm2. llOcm ridge cropping pattern with population density of 170,000 plant/hm2 should be the recommended cropping pattern in the tested cropping area.