黄色镰刀菌侵染马铃薯块茎的组织细胞学观察

Cytological Observation in Fusarium culmorum-Infected Potato Tuber

马铃薯干腐病会导致马铃薯在窖藏过程中发生腐烂,影响薯块的商品价值和食用价值。黄色镰刀菌(Fusarium culmorum)为黑龙江省马铃薯干腐病的主要致病菌。为观察镰刀菌对马铃薯块茎的侵染过程,对不同抗性的马铃薯品种(克新1号和大西洋)块茎在黄色镰刀菌侵染过程中的组织细胞学进行观察,结果表明,侵染2d时,马铃薯薯块内部出现了菌丝和孢子的积累;侵染16d时,薯块严重腐烂,其中克新1号块茎的病斑面积约占44.44%,大西洋的病斑面积约占89.34%。在显微结构观察中发现,侵染3d时,黄色镰刀菌已经在马铃薯块茎中大量积累,在侵染过程中薯块细胞的细胞壁呈现加厚和破损的现象,抗性马铃薯品种的受害病症出现相对较晚。克新1号相对大西洋表现出较强的抗病性。

Potato dry rot causes corruption of stored potato tubers, affecting their commodity value. Fusarium culmorum is the main pathogenic fungus for potato dry rot in Heilongjiang province. In order to study the infection process of Fusarium in potato, we investigated a histological and cytological observation during Fusarium culmorum infection progress in potato tubers with different resistant （Kexin 1 and Daxiyang）. The results showed that hyphae and spores of pathogens accumulated in potato tubers 2d after the infection and potato tubers rotted seriously 16d after the infection. The tubers lesion area in Kexin 1 was 44.44% of the total area, and that in Atlantic was 89.34~. This result indicate that the Fusarium culmorum can cause the large area damage of the inner structure of the potato tuber. By the microstructure observation, we found that there were a large number Fusarium culmorum mycelia in infected potato tubers 3d after the infection and the cell wall of potato tuber thickened and broke in the infection course.However this appeared relatively late for resistant variety, showing Kexin 1 had higher resistance to Fusarium culmorum than Daxiyang.