山西省棉花生产成本收益变动分析

Analysis on the Change of Production Cost and Benefit of Cotton in Shanxi Province

棉花是山西省的重要经济作物,棉花生产成本的高低既影响着农民的收入,又是影响农民种植决策的关键因素,因此,分析棉花生产成本的变动及其变动原因对棉花生产至关重要。采用Sigm aplot和SPSS对山西省2006—2013年棉花生产成本变动进行了分析。结果表明,2006—2013年间山西省棉花种植面积呈直线下降趋势,2013年比2006年种植面积大幅减少78.52%,产量总体保持不变,但在2011年产量降低到了8 a间的最低值,比2006年降低了22.05%;总成本投入8 a间呈现增长趋势,总体大幅增长139.90%;但是,净利润总体降低了1 239.90%,成本利润率总体降低了575.50%,处于严重亏损状态;生产成本与人工成本均呈现快速增长趋势;排灌费、种子费、农药费、燃料动力费是物质与服务费用的主要构成,是山西省棉花生产成本中最重要的组成部分。因此,应大力推广高产抗病良种和实用增产技术,减轻病虫害带来的损失;大力推广在棉花生产过程中的机械化使用,提高劳动效率;大力推广节水、节肥、节种、节药等节本技术;以及进一步调整棉花品质结构等建议来提高棉花单产水平,为降低山西省棉花生产成本、改善生产要素投入结构、提高棉花种植收益及棉农种植积极性提供参考。

Cotton is an important cash crop in Shanxi province.The costs of cotton production affect the level of farmers income,and is a key factor of plant decisions.Thus,it is essential for cotton production to analyze the changes and causes of the cotton production cost In this paper,Sigmaplot and SPSS were used to analyse the variable costs of cotton production in Shanxi from 2006 to 2013.From2006 to 2013,the planting area of cotton declined linearly in Shanxi province.The planting area of cotton in 2013 reduced 78.52%compared with 2006,but the overall yield remain unchanged.In 2011,the yield of cotton reduced to minimum among the eight years,decreased 22.05%compared with 2006.Total investment cost showed an increasing trend during the entire eight years and increased139.90%.However,the net profit reduced 1 239.90%and the cost-profit ratio decreased 575.50%,showing a serious loss of state.The production cost and labor costs showed a rapid growth trend.Irrigation costs,seed costs,pesticide costs,fuel and power costs constituted a major material of service costs and were important parts of Shanxi cotton production.Therefore,we should vigorously promote high yield and disease-resistant varieties and practical technology to increase production,reduce the loss from plant diseases and insect pests,heavily promoted in the process of cotton production mechanization using to improve labor efficiency,promoting water saving,fertilizer,section and other cost-saving technology.The above recommendations were expected to improve cotton yields to reduce the cost of cotton production in Shanxi province,to improve the structure of production factors,to increase revenue,and to provide a positive reference for cotton farmers.