硅在生物材料领域的应用:增加材料生物活性不影响其机械性能

Application of silicon in biomaterials: an increase in bioactivity but with no change in mechanical performance

背景:硅在骨骼发育中具有重要作用,生物活性硅酸盐玻璃是当今生物活性材料研究的热点。利用硅的生物学作用,已研制出各种不同的生物材料。目的:探讨硅的生物学功能和含硅生物材料的研究进展。方法:检索中国期刊全文数据库、Pub Med、Springer Link、Elsevier Science Direct数据库,查找关于硅的生物学作用和在生物材料领域应用的相关文献,对资料进行筛选,排除重复研究和关联性较小的文献,保留与硅在生物材料领域应用关联性较大的文献。结果与结论:共纳入68篇符合标准的英文文献。经分析得出:骨骼中的硅具有重要的化学和生物学作用。细胞外基质中的硅可在糖胺聚糖和蛋白聚糖合成过程中与它们相互作用,并在羟基磷灰石晶体的晶格结构中形成离子取代。此外,生物活性玻璃溶解产物(主要是硅酸)对体外成骨细胞分子生物学有显著影响,可调节多种基因,包括重要的成骨细胞标志物、细胞周期调控因子和细胞外基质蛋白的基因表达。硅已被证实能够增加各种材料的生物活性,且不影响他们的机械性能或诱导细胞毒性。

BACKGROUND： Silicon plays an essential role in bone development and bioactive silicate glasses pioneered the current era of bioactive materials. Various biomaterials have been developed based on the biological function of silicon. OBJECTIVE： To explore the biological function of silicon and research process of silicon in biomaterials. METHODS： A computer-based retrieval of CNKI, Pub Med, Springer Link and Elsevier Science Direct databases was performed to search the relevant literatures concerning the biological function of silicon and its application in biomaterials. All data were primarily screened to exclude repeated and irrelevant articles. Literatures about the application of silicon in biomaterials were included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： A total of 68 eligible English articles are enrolled. Silicon plays important chemical and biological roles in bone. Silicon in the extracellular matrix interacts with glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans during their synthesis and form ionic substitutions in the crystal lattice structure of hydroxyapatite. In addition, the dissolution products of bioactive glass（mainly silicic acid） expose significant influence on the molecular biology of osteoblasts in vitro, and can regulate the expressions of several genes including osteoblastic markers, cell cycle regulators and extracellular matrix proteins. Silicon has been proved to improve the bioactivity of numerous materials and do no harm to their mechanical properties and without cytotoxicity.