2014～2015年南充市禽流感职业暴露人群及环境监测结果分析

Analysis on occupational exposure crowds and the environment of avian influenza in Nanchong, 2014-2015

目的了解南充市禽流感职业暴露人群H5N1感染及环境禽流感病毒污染状况。方法2014—2015年采集南充市禽类职业暴露人群血清标本，用红细胞凝集抑制试验（HI）检测H5N1抗体；对城乡活禽市场、家禽规模养殖、野鸟禽鸟栖息地以及禽类宰杀市场等场所的笼子、粪便以及污水标本采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测禽流感病毒（甲型流感病毒，即FluA）核酸。结果共采集职业暴露人群160份血清标本，H5N1抗体结果均为阴性采集环境标本160份进行禽流感病毒核酸检测，FluA核酸阳性31份，总检出率为16．32％。其中H5、H7、H9核酸阳性分别是18份、0份、10份，H5、H7、H9检出率分别是9．47％、0％、5．26％，FluA核酸阳性未分型3份，未分型检出率为1．58％，不同类型标本、不同监测点环境、不同监测场所及不同季节监测结果比较差异有统计学意义（χ2值分别是37．43、8．67、30．57和30．44,P〈0105）。结论禽流感H5亚型在南充市职业暴露人群中未发现隐性感染，南充市各类型标本、各监测场所、各监测点环境及各季节均存在禽流感病毒，建议各相关政府部门加强对禽流感相关知识的宣传，加强交易以及宰杀市场等的监管，加强对外环境的监测，必要时采取短期关闭活禽交易、禽类宰杀市场，季节性休市等措施，降低禽流感病毒感染的风险。

Objective To investgate the infection of H5N1 avian influenza virus in occupational exposure crowds and the avian influenza virus distribution in the environment of Nanchong City. Methods The serum samples were collected from occupational exposure crowds from 2014 to 2015, and HSN1 antibody was detected by hemagglutination inhibition test （HI）. The nucleic acid of avian influenza viruses （Flu A） from environmental samples was detected by the real -time PCR method, which we collected cages, feces and sewage from live poultry markets, poultry slaughter markets, poultry farms, and wild bird habitats. Results All of the 160 tests for serum HSN1 antibody from occupational exposure crowds were negative. While in 160 environment samples, there were 31 （16.32%） positive cases of avian influenza A virus, including 18 （9.47%） H5 positive cases, 10 （5.26%） H9 positive cases, 3 （1.58%） untyped positive cases. There was statistically significant difference between different sample types, different environment of monitoring points, different monitoring places, and different seasons （x 2=-37.43, 8.67, 30.57, 30.44; P〈0.05）. Conclusions The antibody-positive sample of type A avian influenza virus （HSNI） was not found among occupational exposure crowds. There were type A avian influenza virus in all the collected samples and monitoring areas of Nanchong city. We suggest that the relevant government departments to publicize knowledge of avian influenza. It also plays an important role to strengthen the supervision of trading and slaughter markets and the monitoring of the environment.