从废科举到恢复高考——现代化视野下的科举与考试变迁

From the Abolishment of the Imperial Examinations to the Restoration of the National College Entrance Examination:A Look-back from the Perspective of China's Modernization

高考是实现科技现代化的重要工作,关系人才培育与选拔。隋唐时期,科举曾发挥巨大的积极作用,明清以来,消极作用十分明显,晚清废科举迈出了工业化的新步伐。新中国成立后,高考发展曲折,本质是社会分工下的人才选拔。未来的高考研究重在考试文化的研究。

Both the abolishment of the Imperial Examinations and the restoration of the National College Entrance Examination（NCEE）aimed to modernize science and technology in China through talent cultivation and selection.The Imperial Examinations had played a huge positive role in the Sui and Tang dynasties; but in the Ming and Qing dynasties, their negative effects became obvious. After abolishing the Imperial Examinations in the late Qing dynasty, China took a new step in industrialization. NCEE, initiated after the founding of the People＇s Republic of China, has experienced twists and turns. In nature, NCEE has been a method of talent selection for social division.Future research should focus on the examination culture represented by NCEE.