北京市8种常绿阔叶树种滞尘能力

Dust absorption capacities of eight evergreen broad-leaved plants in Beijing,China

为筛选适用于北京地区的具有优良滞尘能力的常绿阔叶型绿化树种,提高城市植被滞尘能力,选取北京地区园林绿化应用广泛的8种常绿(含半常绿)阔叶绿化树种,应用洗脱-质量差值法,于2014年冬、春季节对其单位叶面积滞尘量进行测定,计算单叶滞尘量和单株滞尘量,并对树种综合滞尘能力进行聚类分析.结果表明:小叶黄杨、冬青卫矛、小叶女贞、金叶女贞、胶东卫矛、箬竹、早园竹和黄槽竹8种主要常绿(含半常绿)阔叶树种的滞尘能力存在较大差异,冬青卫矛具有最大的单位叶面积与单株滞尘能力,为1.36 g·m^(-2)和59.63g·plant^(-1),而箬竹的单叶滞尘能力最强(1.62 mg·leaf^(-1)).选择不同的滞尘量计量单位,树种滞尘量排序会发生变化.对8种常绿(含半常绿)阔叶树种做基于多指标综合滞尘能力的聚类分析可得到相应的分类,各类别代表不同级别的综合滞尘能力水平.其中,冬青卫矛、早园竹的综合滞尘能力较优良,而小叶黄杨、金叶女贞和黄槽竹的综合滞尘能力较弱.

Aiming at selecting the evergreen broad-leaved plants with excellent dust capturing capacity that can be applied in Beijing area for improving the urban vegetation dust removal, this study selected 8 evergreen （including semi-evergreen ） broad-leaved plants used in urban green- space in Beijing area to measure the dust absorption per unit leaf area by the elution-mass method during winter and early spring in 2014. The dust deposition per leaf and per plant of each species was further calculated for tested species. Based on the dust capturing capacity measured in different units, cluster analysis on the comprehensive dust absorption capacities of different plants was car- ried out from the corresponding aspect. Results showed that the dust absorption ability differed sig- nificantly among the 8 evergreen broad-leaved （including semi-evergreen） species including Buxus sinica, Euonymus japonicus, Ligustrum quihoui, L. vicaryi, E. kiautschovicus, Indocalamus tessel- latus, Phyllostachys violascens and Ph. aureosulcata. E. japonicus was best in dust absorption per unit leaf area and per plant, with 1.36 g · m-2 and 59.63 g · plant-1. L tessellates （with 1.62 mg · leaf^-1 ） had the strongest dust absorption ability per leaf. With different measurement units selected, the ranking changed. The cluster analysis based on the multi index comprehensive dust absorption capacities could roughly divided the 8 evergreen broad-leaved species into 4 categories re- presenting different dust absorption capacity levels. E. japonicus and Ph. sviolascens had the out- standing comprehensive dust capturing capacity, while B. sinica, L. vicaryi and Ph. aureosulcata showed the weak performance.