杜甫七律体制研究之一

The Research on the Systems of Du Fu's Eight-line Poems

杜甫七律的声律体制是:1.确立四种正格律句和三种变格律句,其首创丁卯句法对后世影响深远;2.正体七律(全诗由正格律句或由正格律句加变格律句构成,且粘对无误)共计117首,占总数(151首)的77%;3.拗体七律34首,有四种类型:局部失粘、首联或首句非律句、对仗使用非律句、全诗多用拗句仅保留中间两联词性相对,皆事出有因;4.失律度为23%,低于初唐的39%,盛唐的27%,为七律声律定型于大历时期起到重要作用;5.使用四种平仄格式,主次合度。其韵律体制是:1.严格依照《唐韵》押韵,仅有1首出韵;2.限押平声韵;3.以首句入韵为主要格式,共115首,占总数的76%;4.使用韵部覆盖面大,而以使用宽韵为主,亦有所偏好。其对仗体制是:1.对仗规则严密,杜绝一联中重复用字;2.对仗数量超出额度;3.对仗种类多样,追求工整,最先将"狭义当句对"引入七律。

This paper mainly researches the systems of Du Fu＇s eight-line poems,including the system of sound laws,of rhythm rules and the system of antithesis. After the careful study,the paper finally draws conclusions of five laws of sound,of four rules of rhythm,and of three points of antithesis.