手足口病流行病学、病原学及重症化机制的研究进展

Review on the epidemiology,etiology,and mechanism of infection of hand,foot,and mouth disease

手足口病(HFMD)是由小RNA病毒科肠道病毒属引起的急性肠道传染病,肠道病毒A组71型(EV-A71)引起的普通HFMD在临床症状等方面与柯萨奇病毒A组16型(CV-A16)及其他肠道病毒引起的HFMD难以区别,且多种肠道病毒均有重症病例出现。随着人口流动性的加大,疾病传播速度的加快,传统的流行病学危险因素分析已难以实现对该病的完全防控,对其临床流行病学、分子遗传进化及重症化机制的探讨对该病的防控显得尤为重要。本文参考了国内外相关文献,对HFMD流行特征、病原学及重症化机制等进行了综述。

Hand,foot,and mouth disease（HFMD）is characterized by acute onset and potent infectivity and is caused by enteroviruses that belong to a genus of the Picornavirus family.The pathogens that cause severe HFMD are not limited to EV-A71,differentiating between mild cases of HFMD caused by EV-A71 and CV-A16 is difficult,and the clinical features of severe cases of HFMD caused by CV-A16 are similar to HFMD caused by EV-A71,so clinicians need to promptly identify severe cases of HFMD rather than identifying the pathogen responsible.Population mobility has increased and transmission of the disease has accelerated,complete control of the disease cannot be achieved by epidemiologically analyzing conventional risk factors.Thus,analysis of the clinical epidemiology and molecular genetic evolution of HFMD is particularly crucial to preventing and controlling the disease.In addition,examining its pathogenesis can help to control the disease.This article reviews the epidemiology and etiology of HFMD and the mechanism of infection with EV-A71.