难钻进地层金刚石钻头的现状和发展趋势

Present Situation of Diamond Bit Used in Difficult Drilling Formations and the Development Trend

近年来,针对坚硬致密地层、坚硬强研磨性地层以及坚硬致密泥岩地层这3类地质勘探的难钻进地层,开展了金刚石钻头相关的研究与攻关,取得了重大进步。针对坚硬致密地层,通过在胎体中添加稀土和自锐材料、低压钻头结构设计,在可钻性小于11级的坚硬致密"打滑"地层中,钻进速度可达1.5~2.0 m/h,钻头寿命达30~300m;针对坚硬研磨性地层,通过超高金刚石工作层和优化的水力结构设计,超细预合金化粉末以及超耐磨胎体性能,使机械钻速同比提高20%~70%,钻头寿命同比提高1.4~10倍;针对坚硬致密泥岩地层,对尖齿复合片和巴拉斯钻头进行了深入的研究,钻进效率提高了50%左右。在油气田深井硬岩钻探领域,NR826系列金刚石孕镶钻头配合螺杆钻具同比牙轮钻头,机械钻速提高18%~85%,钻头寿命提高5~8倍。此外,我国在海洋深水钻探复合片钻头方面的研究也取得了长足的进步。

Great progress has been made in the research and efforts on diamond bits used in hard and compact, strong abra- sive and mudstone formations. In hard and compact formation, by adding rare earth and self-sharpening materials in bit matrix and with low pressure bit structure design, the drilling speed can be up to 1.5 - 2. 0m/h in hard and compact slipping formation with drillability less than grade 11 and the bit service life reaches 30 - 300m; in hard and abrasive formation, with the ultra high diamond working layer and optimized hydraulic structure design, ultra-fine pre-alloyed powder and ultra wear-resistant matrix performance, the POP and bit service life are increased by 20% -70% and 1.4 - 10 times respec- tively; in hard and compact mudstone formation, by the study on sharp-teeth PDC bit and Baras bit, the drilling efficiency is increased by about 50%. For deep hard rock drilling in oil and gas field, compared with cone bit, NR826 series of im- pregnated diamond bit is used with screw drill, the ROP and bit service life are increased by 18% -85% and 5 -8 times respectively. In addition, good progress has also been made in the research on PDC bit for offshore deep drilling in China.