云南西部地区室内地面游离蚤丰盛度影响因素分析

Influencing factors of floor fleas abundance in households of Western Yunnan Province

目的分析云南西部地区室内地面游离蚤丰盛度的影响因素。方法在云南西部地区10个县（市）抽取800户家庭作为调查单位。采用水盘法捕获地面游离蚤，每户放置10个水盘，连续放置3夜，每日晨起收集捕获到的地面游离蚤。通过实地观测和面对面调查家庭主要成员相结合的方式，收集潜在影响室内地面游离蚤丰盛度的因素，潜在影响因素包括社会经济因素（如民族、经济收入）、家庭环境（如房屋结构、地面、房屋周围农作物生长）、人为干扰因素（如养猫、养犬）等。用Epi Data3．02软件建立数据库，在R软件下应用跨栏负二项分布回归模型探索影响室内地面游离蚤丰盛度的因素。结果800户家庭中，346户家庭捕获地面游离蚤5种2406匹。其中人蚤1750匹（72．7％），为优势蚤种。多因素跨栏负二项分布回归分析显示，少数民族家庭比汉族家庭捕获地面游离蚤概率增加81％；打工家庭比种植为主的家庭捕获地面游离蚤概率减少48％；经济收入高于2万元的家庭比收入低于1万元的家庭捕获地面游离蚤概率减少41％：养猫家庭捕获地面游离蚤概率增加82％．捕获数量也增加1．09倍；养犬家庭捕获地面游离蚤概率增加1．20倍；土木结构房屋的家庭捕获地面游离蚤概率增加52％；水泥地面家庭捕获地面游离蚤概率减少65％；房屋周围生长果树的家庭捕获地面游离蚤数量增加1．11倍。结论云南西部地区室内地面游离蚤丰盛度与社会经济因素、人为干扰因素及家庭生活环境因素密切相关，为有效控制地面游离蚤数量，灭蚤时应综合考虑以上因素。

Objective To analyze the factors influencing the number of floor fleas from households in Western Yunnan Province. Methods Eight hundred households from 10 counties in Western Yunnan Province were randomly selected as study objects. Floor fleas were collected using water plate method. Ten water plates were placed in each household for 3 continuous nights, then the floor fleas were collected in the following morning. The potential predictors, including social factors （e.g. ethnic group, income）, family environment （e.g. structure of house, ground of house, crops growing around house）, human intervention （e.g. keeping eat or dog）, were collected through face to face interview and observation. A data set was established using Epi Data 3.02 software. Hurdle negative binomial regression model was used to explore the relationship between the abundance of floor fleas and the potential predictors under R software. Results Of 800 households, 2 406 floor fleas （including 5 species） were collected in 346 households. Pulex irritans was the dominant species, which accounted for 72.7%. The following predictors were confirmed by the hurdle negative binomial regression model： the probability of capturing floor fleas in households with ethnic groups increased by 81% comparing with Han; the probability of capturing floor fleas in households with working out decreased by 48% comparing with farming; the probability of capturing floor fleas in households with earning more than 20 000 Yuan decreased by 41% comparing with less than 10 000 Yuan; the probability of capturing floor fleas in households with cats increased by 82%, meanwhile the number of capturing floor fleas increased by 1.09 times; the probability of capturing floor fleas in households with dogs increased by 1.20 times; the probability of capturing floor fleas in households with earth-and-wood structure increased by 52%; the probability of capturing floor fleas in households with cement floors decreased by 65%; the number of capturing floor fleas in households with fruit trees surroundings increased by 1.11 times. Conchmions The abundance of floor fleas is closely related to social and economic factors, human intervention and family environmental factors. To control the number of floor fleas effectively, the above factors that influencing the floor fleas abundance should be considered when a program to kill flea is conducted.