关于日本所谓钓鱼岛“无主地先占”的时际法探微

On the Issue of So-called Diaoyu Islands' “Terra Nullius” in Japan

时际法强调事件发生的历史性与国际法规则发展性的统一,注重对事实的尊重。以该原则为指导,不难发现"先占"在领土获得中的地位与要件在不同时期与背景下有所不同。19世纪下半叶国际公法对"先占"原则明确了更为详细的条件,包括无主地的确认、占领的宣告、实效管辖等方面。日本在钓鱼岛主张方面以"先占"为起点,因此应当将日方主张放在其所主张19世纪后半期。结合当时的历史与先占要件进行考察后,我们发现日方的主张难以立足。因为日方一味强调与"先占"原则逻辑上相合性,以至不惜否定和歪曲历史、美化己方非法活动。

Inter-temporal law emphasizes the unification between history events and development of international laws, and pays attention to respect facts. Under the direction of this principle, it is not difficult to find that the status and elements of ＂preemption＂ in territory acquisition vary in different eras and backgrounds. The second of the 19th Century international law on the ＂preemptive＂ principle defined more detailed conditions, including terranullius confirmation, occupation declaration, and effective jurisdiction etc. Japan advocates Diaoyu Island to ＂preempt＂ as a starting point. Therefore, Japanese claims should be judged by the principle in the latter half of the 19th century. Combined with the history and elements of ＂preemption＂, it is obviously that Japan＇s claim is hard to gain a foothold. Because the Japanese emphasis on the logical consistency of their claims and ＂preemption＂ principle, even at the expense of denying and distorting the history and beautifying its actions.