绿洲社会的知识话语变迁与“现代化”

冯建勇认为民族国家体系、殖民主义理论可用于解释西欧国家历史疆域和当代世界国家边界形成的一般过程,但亦应观察到民族国家体系、殖民主义理论是由特定经验条件催生的规范性体系。用这些理论解释中国历史疆域问题并不具有历史应然的超越性,对于中国而言,前近代王朝国家"天下主义"的疆域观维系中国历史疆域形态的解释,尊重了中国的历史、传统和文化,无疑更具历史合理性。李鸿宾认为唐建立了兼跨长城南北两种(或多种)迥然有别的地域及其族群为一体的政权,并成功地实施达五十余年,主要建基于传统的天下观的思想意识,尤其是统治集团北方胡系文化血脉的促动使然。南北的兼跨,使得长城边缘地带的特性丧失,它转而成为沟通南北东西的战略要地。这样的尝试为后来蒙古和满洲贵族势力构建一统化异质型帝国奠定了新的基础。长城地带意涵的本质是中国传统王朝国家不断建构与变迁的展现。姚大力认为面对边疆民族史研究的主位取径以及对于族群认同问题的新认识,现地语史料的重要性只会变得越来越突出。因为大量的主位叙事,以及与主位叙事密切相关的其他种种历史信息,事实上是蕴藏在现地语史料之中。历史书写往上走必须上升到理论的宏观层面;向下走必须坐落在细部考察与分析所必不可少的精密技术的基础上。高亚滨认为新疆南疆绿洲社会因其独特的自然生态环境而形成了具有强烈地方特征的社会文化结构,就现代国家的发展要求来看,这种文化结构则成为落后、保守的象征,需要国家力量的介入以完成社会的现代化。从生态环境、文化网络的角度理解绿洲社会的权力结构,则为探讨边疆地域社会现代化的历史进程提供一种知识话语的可能。

Feng Jianyong holds that the system of nation-state and the theory of colonialism preserve a function on building the historical frontiers in West Europe and the national borders in the current world, while it is important to know that the said system and theory are the norm systems which come into being under the given conditions of experience. To explain Chinese historical frontiers with such theories does not surpass the historical necessity. Li Hongbin believes that the Tang Dynasty built a unified government including different areas and nationalities, which chiefly based on the idea of the traditional idea of the land under heaven because of its own clan and origin to make the north and the south as one. It results in the later empires of diversified clans for a new pattern. Yao Dali proposes that the main route of the studies of the history of frontier nationalities makes the historical-geographical materials more and more important. The writing of history must be ascended to theoretical level, while a detailed study must be set on the foundation of precise means to exam and analyze the materials. Gao Yabin points out that the southern oasis society in Xinjiang forms a strong social-cultural feature by its unique ecological environment. From the viewpoint of the development of modern country, such cultural structure becomes a symbol of backwardness and conservation, which needs a state power to be involved to complete the modernization of society.