资源错配与效率损失:基于制造业行业层面的研究

A Study of Misallocation and Economic Sustainable Growth Based on TFP Estimation:Evidence from Manufacturing Industry in China

资源错配是影响生产效率提升的重要因素,也是现阶段我国制造业发展遭遇瓶颈的重要原因之一。本文通过中国工业企业数据库1998-2013年30个行业的346万条微观企业面板数据,采用Olley-Pakes的半参数三步估计法基于行业水平得到企业TFP水平值,进而测算出我国制造业分行业的TFP变动情况;在此基础上,将资源错配的分析纳入到经济增长核算框架中,分析行业层面资源错配造成的效率损失,结果显示不同子行业的错配扭曲程度存在差异,但均有纠正空间;最后,构建起要素错配与TFP的关联机制。本文基于不同行业给出了纠正扭曲的相关建议,同时就整体制造业的分析发现现阶段对劳动要素错配的纠偏更为必要。

Misallocation is one of the most important factors for productivity growth at present. This paper uses OlleyPakes semi-parametric 3-step method to achieve 30 sub-sector ＇s TFP value based on panel data of 3. 47 million manufacturing enterprises during 1998-2013 obtained from Chines industrial enterprises database, With the TFP estimated above,the study considered misallocation into the production framework,decomposing the output changes and measuring the contribution of the effective allocation of production factors in manufacturing,then developed a method to measure the output gap and efficiency loss,finally,the paper established an empirical model to analysis the relationship between factor-misallocation and TFP. The results show the misallocation restricts the development of the manufacturing industry,correcting it can effectively promote the economic growth of the related sector, in which factors, the improvement to labor is more necessary currently.