房价上涨、住房财产差距与动态流动性

The Rise in Housing Prices, Housing Property Gap and Dynamic Mobility

为了深入理解住房市场化改革以及房价上涨对社会流动的影响,文章基于CHNS1989–2011年共8次城镇家庭纵向调查数据,首次对我国城镇居民住房财产的流动性趋势及结构进行了动态量化分析。研究发现:从趋势上来看,房改以来,城镇居民住房财产的水平流动性伴随着房价上涨而迅速增强,但住房财产的位置流动性却在降低,位置互换程度变弱,处于中等偏高以上的家庭位置更加固化。从结构上来看,房改前,一般技术人员、国企和集体企业、中年组的住房财产位置向上流动性强;房改后,处于顶层的高级专业技术人员和高管住房财产位置固化,国企以及政府和事业单位员工的位置向上流动性强。这一研究丰富了社会流动性的相关文献,对于如何提高居民福利及社会和谐稳定发展具有重要的指导意义。

In order to deeply understand the impacts of housing market reform and the rise in housing prices on social mobility, this paper makes a dynamic quantitative analysis of the mobility trend and structure of housing property of Chinese urban citizens for the first time by using the data from eight longitudinal urban household surveys of CHNS from 1989 to 2011. It arrives at the main conclusions as follows： firstly, as for trend, after the housing reform, the level mobility of urban housing property increases rapidly because of the rise in housing prices, but the position mobility reduces, the degree of position interchange weakens, and the family positions at medium or above level is more solidified; secondly, as for structure, before the housing reform, the upward mobility of housing property positions of common technical personnel, workers of state- owned and collective enterprises, and the middle-aged group is strong, and after the housing reform, the housing property positions of senior professional ＆ executives at the top are solidified, and the upward mobility of employees in state-owned enterprises, government entities and government-affiliated institutions strengthens. It enriches related literature of social mobility, and has important guidance to how to increase social welfare and advance harmonious and stable social development.