合成生物学的关键技术及应用

Key Technologies and Applications of Synthetic Biology

合成生物学是以工程化设计思路,构建标准化的元器件和模块,改造已存在的天然系统或者从头合成全新的人工生命体系。人们利用基因重组技术和基因定位编辑来实现对生命系统的特殊编程并执行特殊的功能;模块化处理代谢途径,优化元器件间的组合搭配,以最优的模式来实现化学品的合成。目前合成生物学已在能源、化工、医药等行业取得了重大进展,合成生物学将给人们的生活带来重大改变也将继续是科学家们研究和关注的热点。就目前合成生物学涉及的基因组编辑和模块化表达等关键技术及应用进行综述。

Synthetic biology is to reconstruct the existing natural system by building standardized components and modules and synthesizenew artificial life system from scratch under the guidance of engineering design ideas.With the help of gene recombination technology andgenome editing technology,we can program life system to comply special functions. After realizing modular analysis of metabolic pathways andoptimizing the combination between the components we can synthesize chemicals with excellent patterns. At present,people have made greatprogress in the fields of energy,chemical industry and medicine. Synthetic biology will bring great changes to people＇s life and will continueto be the hotspot of research.The review describes the major applications and the key technologies of synthetic biology in genome editing andmodular representation.