7～24月龄婴幼儿配方粉营养素贡献率调查

Study on the contribution rate of follow-up formula to the nutrient intake of infants and young children aged 7-24 months in China

目的调查配方粉对7～24月龄婴幼儿营养素摄入量的贡献率。方法考虑地域和经济因素，选取北京、河北、广西、广东，按照整群抽样及方便抽样相结合的原则，从每个省份（市）选择不少于120名7～24月龄婴幼儿。利用2d24h称重法，通过监护人称量、记录辅食和配方粉重量，记录母乳喂养频次，以及配方粉、营养素补充剂摄入情况等。共发放调查问卷518份，收回合格调查问卷472份。通过《中国食物成分表》、婴幼儿配方食品营养素含量数据库、婴幼儿营养素补充剂品牌标签信息数据库计算婴幼儿营养素摄入量，同时计算其宏量营养素的供能占《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》（DRIs）中膳食能量需要量（EER）的比重（EER％）以及每种营养素摄入量占DRIs中推荐摄入量（RNI）或适宜摄入量（AI）的比重（RNI％／AI％），分析每种营养素通过配方粉来源的贡献率。结果472名研究对象中，13～24月龄245名，7～12月龄227名。7～12和13—24月龄婴幼儿能量摄入中位数分别为2530．08和3445．48kJ，EER％分别为85．18％和94．14％；蛋白质摄入量的中位数的RNI％／AI％分别为91．50％和105．88％。微量营养素方面，7～12月龄婴幼儿的维生素B1、维生素B2、烟酸、维生素E、钾、锌、锰和13-24月龄的维生素B2、维生素E、钾、镁、铁、锰的RNI％／AI％位于82．00％～114．29％之间。7～12月龄的维生素B6、铁、硒和13～24月龄的维生素B1、维生素B6、维生素C、钙、硒的RNI％／AI％〈80％。同时也存在摄入量较高的营养素，7-12月龄的维生素A、钙、磷、镁和13-24月龄的维生素A、磷的RNI％／AI％均〉130％。40．53％（92名）的7～12月龄婴幼儿和52．65％（129名）的13～24月龄婴幼儿在喂养过程中使用了配方粉，配方粉对研究对象宏量营养素摄入的贡献率为29．69％（碳水化合物）～51．77％（脂肪），对微量营养素的贡献率为2．04％（锰）～74．24％（维生素C）。结论配方粉对我国不同地区7～24月龄婴幼儿营养素摄入贡献一定比重，但不同营养素的贡献率差别较大。

Objective To determine the contribution of follow-up formula （FUF） to the nutrient intake of 7-24-month-old infants and young children. Methods The cluster random sampling method and the convenience sampling method were used in combination, and geographic and economic factors were taken into consideration. Four areas of China （Beijing, Hebei, Guangxi, Guangdoug） were selected, with 120 infants chosen from each of these areas （half of which were 7-12 months old, and half were 13-24 months old）. A dietary survey was completed by a continuous 24-hour weighing method over two days. Questionnaires were completed by their caregivers which included weighing the FUF and supplementary food given to the infant, and recording the frequency of breast feeding and any supplementary nutrients. A total of 518 questionnaires were distributed, and 472 questionnaires qualified for inclusion. Nutrient intake was calculated using the China food composition, infant formula food nutrient content and infant nutrition supplement brand-label information databases, and then the nutrient intake proportion （the percentage of estimated energy requirement （EER%）, recommended nutrient intake （RNI%） or adequate intake （AI%））, and the contribution rate of FUF were analyzed. Results A total of 472 infants were investigated （227 infants aged 7-12 months old, 245 infants aged 13-24 months old）. The findings revealed that the median energy intake of 7- 12-month-old and 13- 24-month-old infants were 2 530.08 kJ and 3 445.48 kJ, respectively, which accounted for 85.18% and 94.14% of EER, respectively; and the median intake of protein reached 91.50% and 105.88% of their RNI/AI, respectively. For mieronutrients, the median intake of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin E, potassium, zinc and manganese in 7-12-month-old infants and vitamin B2, vitamin E, potassium, magnesium, iron and manganese in 13-24-month-old children accounted for 82.00% and 114.29% of RNI/AI （RNI%/AI%）, respectively. The intake of vitamin B6, iron and selenium in 7-12-month-old infants and vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin C, calcium and selenium in 13-24-month-old children was less than 80% RNI/AI. Furthermore, some nutrients showed higher intake levels, such as vitamin A, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in 7-12-month-old infants and vitamin A and phosphorus in 13-24-month-old children, which were higher than 130% RNI/AI. In total, 40.53% （92） of infants aged 7-12 months and 52.65% （129） of children aged 13-24 months were fed FUF as part of their diet, and its contribution rate to nmeronutrients was 29.69% for carbohydrates and 51.77% for fats, and to mieronutrients was 2.04% for manganese and 74.24% for vitamin C. Conclusion FUF contributes to the nutrient intake of infants and young children aged from 7-24 months old at different rates depending on the macronutrient or mieronutrient analyzed.