四种抗生素对小麦玉米高粱三种作物种子芽与根伸长的影响

Effects of four antibiotics on seed germination and root elongation of wheat, maize and sorghum

为了探明土霉素(OTC)、强力霉素(DOX)、恩诺沙星(ENR)、氧氟沙星(OFL)四种典型兽用抗生素对三种常见田间作物(小麦、玉米、高粱)的生态毒理效应,为评价抗生素对作物的影响提供必要的基础数据,采用水培法,研究了不同浓度的四种抗生素对小麦、玉米、高粱种子萌发时根长和芽长的影响。结果显示:土霉素和强力霉素对三种作物种子的毒性作用相似,对作物的影响程度依次为小麦>高粱>玉米;恩诺沙星和氧氟沙星对三种作物种子的毒性作用相似,影响程度依次为小麦>玉米>高粱。对比作物根的生长和芽的生长结果可以看出,三种作物种子根长对环境中的抗生素更加敏感。三种作物对抗生素的敏感程度差异比较显著,小麦对四种抗生素的敏感程度为恩诺沙星>氧氟沙星>土霉素>强力霉素,玉米对四种抗生素的敏感程度为恩诺沙星>强力霉素>土霉素>氧氟沙星,高粱对四种抗生素的敏感程度为强力霉素>土霉素>恩诺沙星>氧氟沙星。

In order to explore four typical veterinary antibiotics＇ [oxytetracycline （ OTC ）, doxycycline （ DOX ）, enrofloxacin （ ENR ）, ofloxacin （OFL）] biological toxicological effects toward three common field crops（wheat, corn, sorghum ）, four antibioties＇ impacts with different con- centration toward the length of root and bud for wheat, corn and sorghum were studied by Hydroponic method. The results show that oxyte- traeycline and doxycycline have similar toxic effects on the three crops, and the effective degree of crops is wheat〉sorghum〉corn; en- rofloxaein and ofloxacin have similar toxic effects on the three crops, and the effective degree of crops is wheat〉corn〉sorghum. Comparison of growth of crop root and growth result of bud tells us, the root of the three crops is more sensitive to the antibiotics in environment. The dif- ference in sensitivity degree of the three crops to antibiotic is significant. The sensitivity degree of wheat to four antibiotics is ENR〉 OFL〉 OTC〉DOX. The sensitivity degree of corn to the four antibiotics is ENR〉DOX〉OTC〉OFL. The sensitivity degree of sorghum to the four an- tibiotics is DOX〉OTC〉ENR〉OFL. The experimental result provides necessary data base for evaluating influence of antibiotics on crops.