青少年行为问题与遗传、环境因素关系的双生子研究

A twin study of behavioral problems and relations to genetic and environmental factors in adolescents

目的:探讨青少年行为问题与遗传、环境因素的相关性。方法:选择重庆市12~18岁66对青少年双生子,采用Achenbach青少年自评量表(Youth Self-Report,YSR)测查行为问题,采集双生子静脉血标本,提取DNA进行卵型鉴定。根据同卵双生子间表型相关系数(rMZ)和异卵双生子间表型相关系数(rDZ)的比较,进行遗传效应的粗约估计,构建结构方程模型(SEM),定量分析加性遗传因素(A)、共享环境因素(C)、特殊环境因素(E)与青少年行为问题的关系。结果:社交问题及违纪行为rMZ<rDZ,提示数据不适合进行遗传分析;其余各因子rMZ、rDZ比较:退缩行为、躯体主诉、焦虑/抑郁情绪、攻击行为、思维问题、注意问题因子rMZ<2rDZ,均拟合ACE模型。其最优模型均为AE模型。在遗传效应(A)及个体特异性环境(E)总变异方差中,焦虑/抑郁情绪、攻击行为因子遗传效应在0.52~0.57之间,个体特异性环境在0.43~0.48之间;退缩行为、躯体主诉、思维问题及注意问题遗传效应在0.17~0.45之间,个体特异性环境在0.55~0.83之间。结论:青少年社交问题及违纪行为与遗传效应关系不明显;退缩行为、躯体主诉、焦虑/抑郁情绪、思维问题、注意问题、攻击行为与加性遗传因素及个体特异性环境因素均有相关性;焦虑/抑郁、攻击行为与遗传因素相关程度大,其余因子均与个体特异性环境因素相关度大。

Objective：To explore the relations of adolescents＇ behavioral problems to genetic and environmental factors.Methods：66 twin pairs aged 12 to 18 years in Chongqing were included in the study.The Youth SelfReport（YSR） was used to evaluate behavioral problems.The blood sample was collected to identify zygosity of twins.Genetic effects were evaluated by comparing the phenotypic correlationamong monozygotic twins（rMZ） and the phenotypic correlation among dizygotic twins（rDZ）.Structural equation modeling（SEM） was performed to evaluate the relations of adolescents behavioral problems to the additive genetic factors（A）,shared environment factors（C） and individual specific environmental factors（E）.Results：MZ correlations of Social problems and Delinquency were less than DZ correlations（rMZ rDZ）.It prompted that data was not suitable for genetic analysis.MZ correlations（rMZ） of any others（including social withdrawal,somatic complaints,anxiety/depression,thinking problem,attention problems,self-destructive/identity problem）were less than 2DZ correlations（2rDZ）.It prompted to fit the ACE model.The optimal model was AE model.Among the contribution of the additive genetic factors（A） and individual specific environmental factors（E） to the total variance,the genetic factors ranged from 0.52 to 0.57 and individual specific environmental factors ranged from 0.43 to 0.48 in anxiety/depression and self-destructive/identity problem.For social withdrawal,somatic complaints,thinking problem and attention problems,the genetic factors ranged from 0.17 to 0.45 and individual specific environmental factors ranged from 0.55 to 0.83.Conclusion：There is no obvious relationship between genetic effects and adolescent social problems or delinquency.Other behaviors problems（social withdrawal,somatic complaints,anxiety/depression,thinking problem,attention problem,self-destructive/identity problem） are correlated with additive genetic factors and individual specific environmental factors.Additive genetic factors have high-correlation with anxiety/depression and self-destructive/identity problem,and individual specific environmental factors have high-correlation with other factors.