理解中国政府间财政关系

China's Local-Central Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations

中国是一个大国。大国政府间财政关系的处理要特别注意调动中央和地方的积极性,形成激励相容的财政体制。1994年中国初步建立了分税制财政管理体制,这基本适应了社会主义市场经济体制的需要。但是,事权和支出责任的划分、收入的划分以及财政转移支付制度,均有待进一步完善之处。政府间财政关系要特别注意制度的稳定性,以充分发挥激励约束功能。与现代财政制度相适应的应该是分级财政管理体制,按照这种体制的要求,中国需要进一步规范事权和支出责任的划分、政府收入的划分、财政转移支付制度,形成分税、分租与分利相结合的分级财政管理体制。

For a large country like China, the handling of intergovernmental fiscal relations must create compatible incentives to central and local governments. China initially created a fiscal management system characterized by tax sharing in 1994, basically meeting the needs of its socialist market economic system. Yet further improvements must be made to the assignment of administrative authority and expenditure responsibilities, revenue allocation and the fiscal transfer payment system. In handling intergovernmental fiscal relations, great attention must be given to the system＇s stability to give play to its function of incentives and restraints. China must create a hierarchical fiscal management system in line with its modern fiscal system. According to the requirements of this system, China should further standardize the division between administrative authority and expenditure responsibilities, standardize the division of government revenues, formalize a fiscal transfer payment system, and develop a hierarchical fiscal management system encompassing the sharing of tax, rents and profits.