摘要
This paper consists of four parts. Part 1 provides a brief review of the changes in China＇s pastoral animal husbandry and grasslands since reform and opening up in the 1980s. Part 2 identifies the problems of inappropriate property rights demarcation, misuse of fencing and fragmented grassland management, and proposes suggestions on adjusting the demarcation of property rights, prudent use of grassland fencing and restoring joint management by grassland village communities. Part 3 identifies problems in the grassland ecological compensation system, including a complicated scope of compensation, short duration of compensation and lack of simple and clear objects of supervision, and proposes suggestions on ensuring compensation based on changes in the number of livestock, focusing compensation on professional herders and encouraging participation by diverse stakeholders. Part 4 reveals that China＇s grassland monitoring is yet to focus on pasture property right holders, overlooks the determinants of grassland change and fails to bring into play the role of village communities in grassland monitoring, and proposes suggestions on conducting livestock monitoring in pastoral village communities, monitoring the value added of grassland ecosystem services and creating a ＂three-in-one＂ grassland monitoring team and disclosure system.
本文由四部分组成。第一部分对改革开放以来我国草地畜牧业和草地的变化作了一个简略的总结性评论。第二部分指出草地管理存在的产权界定单一化、围栏范围扩大化、草地生态破碎化等问题,提出调整产权界定方式、慎用草地围栏方式、恢复草地村落共管等建议。第三部分指出草地生态补偿制度存在补偿内容繁杂、补偿周期偏短、缺乏简明的监督评估对象等问题,提出按牧民调减的牲畜量补偿、重点补偿专业牧户、鼓励多元化主体参与等建议。第四部分指出我国草地监测尚未瞄准草地产权主体、尚未关注影响草地变化的因素和尚未发挥村社草地监测的作用等问题,提出开展牧区村社牲畜量监测、草地生态系统服务价值增量监测、建立三位一体的草地监测队伍和草地监测披露制度等建议。
