中美两国中学生体育行为习惯对比研究

Comparative study on the sports behavior habit of middle school students between China and the United States

目的了解中美两国中学生体育行为习惯差异,为制定促进学生体质健康水平提升的相关政策提供理论参考。方法采用随机抽样的方法,抽取美国新英格兰地区149名中学生和中国湖北省武汉市7所中学457名中学生作为体育行为习惯量表和锻炼情况问卷调查对象,进行问卷调查。结果中美两国中学生体育行为习惯得分差异有统计学意义(t=-3.463,P<0.01),美国中学生总体体育行为习惯形成程度分布结构优于中国中学生,47%的中国中学生没有具备体育行为习惯;在具备相同体育行为习惯的中学生中,美国学生每周从事30 min以上体育锻炼天数更优于中国,72.8%的中国中学生每周锻炼30 min以上的为3 d及以下。中美两国中学生体育行为习惯差异形成的内在影响因素主要为学生的行为意识和行为控制感差异。结论应从体育观念、社会价值取向以及体育精神本质等方面采取措施,促进我国中学生体育行为习惯的形成。

Objective To compare the differences of sports behavior habits among primary and middle school students from China and the United states, and to provide theoretical basis for making related policies to improve students＇ physical health. Methods Random sampling method was used to randomly select 149 middle school students from the new England in USA and 660 students from 7 middle schools in Wuhan city of Hubei province.Sports and physical activities were assessed through questionnaire survey. Results The scores of sports behavior among middle school students in both countries were of statistically significance（P〈 0.01）. The formation of overall sports habit and the distribution structure among high school students in America was better than those in China.47% Chinese middle school students had no habit of physical activity. And in the same group, the frequency of exercise among American middle school students, who did exercises for over 30 minutes weekly, was higher than that among Chinese, 72% Chinese middle school students had no more than 3 days to do exercises for 30 minutes weekly, and the physical exercise time of Chinese students was not enough. Then inner influencing factors of these differences included students＇ behavior consicousness and differences in behavioral control. Conclusion Promotion of lifelong physical education concept and orientation of social value world help to cultivate physical exercise habits among adolescents in China.