情绪调控在体育活动与青少年内隐问题行为间的中介效应

Mediating effect of physical activity on internalizing problem behaviors among adolescent

目的探讨体育活动对青少年内隐问题行为(焦虑、抑郁、孤独)的影响,以及情绪调控的中介效应,为提高青少年心理健康水平提供参考。方法采用体育活动问卷、内隐问题行为问卷和情绪调控问卷,对安徽省金寨县17所小学五、六年级2 951名学生进行调查。结果体育活动是在焦虑、抑郁、孤独上主效应均有统计学意义(F值分别为5.264,9.450,8.886,P值均<0.05);体育活动类型在焦虑、抑郁、孤独上主效应均无统计学意义(F值分别为0.596,0.085,1.390,P值均>0.05)。情绪调控在体育活动量与焦虑之间起着完全中介效应(β=-0.532,t=-34.068,P<0.01),中介效应占总效应59.4%;在体育活动量与抑郁(β=-0.563,t=-37.002,P<0.001)、孤独(β=-0.226,t=-12.592,P<0.01)之间均起部分中介效应,中介效应占总效应分别为48.1%,22.9%。结论青少年参与体育活动对降低内隐问题行为既有直接积极作用,又可通过情绪调控起间接积极作用。

Objective This study aimed to explore the effects of physical activity on the internalizing problem behaviors （anxiety, depression and loneliness） in adolescents and the mediating effect of emotion regulation, and to improve their mental health and social adaptability. Methods Internalizing Problem Behaviors Questionnaire, Emotion Regulation and Physical Activity Questionnaire were used to survey 2 951 students on fifth and sixth grade from 17 primary schools in Jinzhai county, Anhui Province. Results The amount of adolescents＇ physical exercises was negatively correlated with anxiety, depression and lonliness（ r= - 0.068,-0.089,-0.075, P〈0.05）, and positively correlated with emotion regulation（r=0.076, P〈0.05）. Emotion regulation plays as a fully mediator between physical activity and anxiety（β=-0.532, t=-34.068, P〈0.0I）, and a partly mediator between physical activity and depression（β=-0.563, t=-37.002, P〈0.01） or loneliness（β=-0.226, t=-12.592, P〈0.01）, the mediating effects accounted for 48.1% and 22.9% respectively. Conclusion Adolescents＇ participating in physical activities have directly positive effects on reducing internalizing problems, and had indirectly positive effects via emotional regulation.