宁波市中学生注意缺陷多动症状现状及相关因素分析

Investigation and research on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and its influencing factors for middle school students in Ningbo

目的了解宁波市中学生注意缺陷多动症状发生状况及其相关因素,为开展注意缺陷多动症状的干预研究提供依据。方法采用整群随机抽样法,对宁波市4所中学的2 218名学生采用自编一般情况问卷、中文版注意缺陷多动障碍SNAP-IV评定量表(父母版)和爱泼沃斯思睡量表(ESS)进行问卷调查。结果中学生SNAP-IV平均得分为(9.82±7.29)分,注意缺陷多动症状阳性率为2.9%,其中男生为4.1%,女生为1.5%。单因素分析显示,注意缺陷多动症状的发生率在年龄、性别、是否独生子女、父母是否外出上班、父母受教育程度、家庭月收入、每天看电视的时间、学习压力、学习兴趣、学习成绩、入睡困难、早醒、睡眠满意度、日间思睡程度方面差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);Logistic回归分析表明,年龄小、学习成绩差、男性、独生子女、看电视时间长、入睡困难及日间思睡程度重者,注意缺陷多动症状发生可能性更大(P值均<0.05)。结论中学生注意缺陷多动症状发生的影响因素较多,可采取多种措施开展针对性的干预。

Objective To investigate the epidemic characteristics and related factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD） symptoms for middle school students in Ningbo, and to provide references for effective prevention. Methods A total of 2 218 students from 4 middle schools in Ningbo were randomly selected by using cluster random sampling method. These adolescents were assessed by a series of questionnaires, including Epworth Sleepiness Scale （ESS） and SNAP-IV-18（ parent version）. Results The average score of students suffering SNAP was （9.82± 7.29） 2.9% of the investigated children suffer from ADHD, 4.1% of the boys and 1.5% of the girls had ADHD symptoms, There were significant differences of the distribution in the group who had ADHD symptoms in terms of age, gender, only child, parents＇ employment, educational level of parents, family income, the time of watching TV every day, study stress, study interest, academic record, cellphone need and the time of playing cellphone every day, sleepy, difficult in falling asleep, waking up early, sleep satisfaction, daytime drowsy （P〈0.05）.The Logistic regression analysis showed that those who were older and with the better academic record , had less possibility to have ADHD symptoms, but those who were boys, the only child in family, having longer time watching TV, falling asleep with difficultly and being drowsy daytime had more possibility to have ADHD symptoms（P〈0.05）. Conclusion There are many factors that related to middle school students＇ ADHD, more measures should be taken to prevent it effectively.