沟覆盖材料对垄沟集雨种植土壤水分和玉米根系分布的影响

Effects of furrow-mulching materials on soil moisture and maize root distribution in ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting system

为寻求半干旱地区垄沟集雨环保沟覆盖材料,探究垄沟集雨种植增产机理,在半干旱黄土高原区通过大田试验,以传统平作为对照,研究不同沟覆盖方式(无覆盖、生物可降解地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖)对土壤含水量、玉米根干重、根长、根表面积和根体积的影响。结果表明:垄沟集雨种植沟中的土壤含水量、玉米根干重、根长、根表面积和根体积明显大于垄中;与平作相比,无覆盖、生物可降解地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖耕层沟中作物生育期平均土壤含水量分别增加6.9%、10.6%和9.3%,垄中平均土壤含水量分别降低13.8%、10.9%和5.6%;玉米总根干重(沟中+垄中)分别降低15.9%、6.1%和16.8%,总根长分别增加37.6%、43.7%和34.8%,总根表面积分别增加10.5%、33.6%和15.0%。无覆盖和秸秆覆盖玉米总根体积分别降低34.5%和16.3%,生物可降解地膜覆盖玉米总根体积增加13.2%。与传统平作相比,垄沟集雨种植增加土壤水分、玉米根长和根表面积,降低玉米根干重。在不同沟覆盖方式中,生物可降解地膜覆盖具有较高土壤含水量、根长、根表面积和根体积。

In order to screening environmental friendly mulching materials and elucidate the mechanism of yield increase in ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting system,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different furrow mulching methods（ non-mulching,biodegradable film mulching and straw mulching） on soil moisture and root dry matter,length,surface area and volume of maize in semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau.The results showed that the soil water content and the values of physiological characteristics（ dry matter,length,surface area and volume） of maize roots within furrow soil profiles were clearly higher than that within ridge soil profiles. Compared with traditional flat planting without mulching,average soil water content within furrow soil profiles increased during maize growing season was 6. 9%,10. 6% and 9. 3% for non-mulching,biodegradable film mulching and straw mulching,respectively,while within ridge soil profiles decrease was 13. 8%,10. 9% and 5.6%. Total root dry matter（ ridge ＋ furrow） of maize decreased by 15. 9%,6. 1% and 16. 8%. Total root length of maize increased by 37. 6%,43. 7% and 34. 8%,and total root surface area of maize increase was 10. 5%,33.6% and 15. 0%. Total root volume of maize decreased by 34. 5% and 16. 3% for non-mulching and straw mulching,respectively,but increased by 13. 2% for biodegradable film mulching. Root dry matter of maize decreased,but soil moisture,root length and root surface area of maize increased in ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting system,compared with the traditional flat planting without mulching. Biodegradable film mulching had a higher soil water content,root length,surface area and volume of maize than other furrow mulching methods.