人性原则视野的道德法则

The Moral Principles in the Vision of Human Nature

在当代道德哲学中,如何理解康德的人性原则是一个关键问题。有学者针对人性原则提出诘难:它不能使行为者履行道德法则所要求的义务;基于人性原则的道德法则具有理想性倾向,很难与道德生活中的复杂因素相融合。面对诸多诘难,科斯嘉德立足于康德道德学说提出康德式的辩护,旨在阐明人性原则如何在道德法则中发挥效用。一方面,人性原则通过行为者的道德感知使法则成为其实际行动的准则;另一方面,尽管道德法则通过绝对命令的形式获得理论上的权威,但真正要使法则落实到行为者的具体行动中,则离不开人性原则。

In contemporary moral-philosophy, how to understand the humanity principle of Kant＇s philosophy is a key problem. Some scholars put forward that heckle in allusion to Kant＇s humanity principle. It can＇t make the actors performing the obligations required by the moral law. The humanity principle basing on moral law tends to be idealistic. So it is difficult to integrate with the complicated factors in moral life for the humanity principle. In regard to the heckle, basing on Kant＇s moral theory, Korsgaard presents Kantian defense which was intended to expound how the humanity principle play a role in moral law. On the one hand, humanity principle render the law became the criterion of practical action of actors by means of their moral perception. On the other hand, it depends on humanity principle to implement the law into concrete action of actors, despite the acquisition of the theoretical authority by moral law through categorical imperative.