无意思联络环境污染者对外责任研究——以《侵权责任法》第67条为展开

On External Responsibilities of Polluters Without Intentional Liaison——Expansion on Article 67 of The Tort Law

自1979年《环境保护法(试行)》以来,我国环境侵权立法呈现强化侵权人责任之势,但是《侵权责任法》第67条关于造成同一损害的数个无意思联络污染者对外承担按份责任的规定与我国立法趋势相悖,与国外立法、判例与主流学说也相去甚远。最高人民法院《关于审理环境侵权责任纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》形式上摆脱了第67条的桎梏,实质上依然未摆脱其影响。在我国环境保护形势十分严峻的当下,针对造成同一损害的数个无意思联络污染者,在立法上应当构建"以连带责任为原则,并予以适当限制"的对外责任制度。

Ever since the promulgation of Environmental Protection Law （Trial） in 1979, the Chinese environ- mental tort legislation has been presenting a trend to strengthen the infringer＇ s liability. However, Article 67 of The Tort Law of the People＇ s Republic of China, which stipulates that where the environmental pollution is caused by two or more polluters without intentional liaison, the liability of each polluter shall be determined according to the se- riousness of each polluter and polluting act, is contrary to the trend of legislation in China and far away from foreign legislation, precedents and mainstream doctrine. The judicial interpretation of Supreme People＇s Court on the Appli- cation of Law in the Trial of Environmental Tort Liability Dispute Cases has seemingly got rid of the shackle of Article 67, while the effect of the article has not been swept away thoroughly. Under the grim environmental protection situa- tion in current China, the external responsibility of two or more polluters without intentional liaison that cause the same environmental pollution, should be constructed as joint and several liability for the principle with proper limits thereon.