西部农村扶贫项目目标瞄准方法研究——基于陕西安康贫困山区的调查

A Study on the Targeting Method of Rural Poverty Alleviation Projects in Western China—Based on the Research in Ankang City,Shaanxi Province

回顾中国农村扶贫项目目标瞄准的演进及相关研究进展,并构建计量模型进行实证分析;中国扶贫资金或项目的瞄准经历了瞄准到县、瞄准到村的过程,未来中国农村将实施精准扶贫方式,加强扶贫资金或项目瞄准到户,这对于农村扶贫项目的目标瞄准提出了更高的要求;在说明代理家计调查法基本原理的基础上,利用陕西安康市的微观一手农户调查数据,分析了当地扶贫项目的目标瞄准现状,构建了包括户主特征、家庭特征、住房、家庭生产工具和耐用品数量等指标的OLS计量经济模型,并对模型的瞄准效率进行了评估;结果表明:该代理家计调查法模型的遗漏率和渗漏率相较当前样本调查地的项目瞄准情况有显著的提升,具有良好的识别穷人的能力,进而提出了若干对策建议。

Based on the survey data about micro rural household in Ankang City, Shaanxi Province, this paper analyzes the targeting situation of local rural poverty alleviation projects, and uses Proxy Means Test （PMT） to construct OLS econometric model which includes many indicators, such as characteristics of household head and family, housing, household production tools, the quantity of durable goods, and evaluate the aiming efficiency of the model. The results show that the under - coverage rate and leakage rate of the Proxy Means Test model are markedly improved than the present targeting situation in local area, the model also has strong ability to recognize the poor, finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions.