“三权分置”背景下“三权”的权利属性及权能构造问题研究

Right Separation and Power Structure of “the Three Rights” under the Separation of Ownership,Contract Right and Management Right of Rural Land

我国正式确立了农村土地"三权分置"的产权格局。"三权"的权利属性是什么?"三权"之间是什么关系?"三权"的权能构造是什么?这三个问题至关重要,关系到农村土地制度改革的价值走向。我国农村土地所有权属于集体,所有权是承包权、经营权的根源。承包权是成员权,经营权是用益物权。承包权是经营权产生的原因,经营权是土地上的身份性权利和财产性权利发生分离的结果。承包权的权能包括承包土地权、分离对价请求权、征地补偿权、监督权、放弃权;经营权的权能包括自主生产经营权、获取补偿权、获取补贴权、抵押权、继承权。

The property pattern of separation of ownership,contract right and management right of rural land was established in China.The right attribute and power structure of'the three rights'and the relationship between'the three rights'are very important for the trend of the rural land reforms.Rural land is owned by collectives.Ownership is the root of the contract right and the management right.Contract right is membership right and management right is usufructuary right.The cause of management right is contract right.The separation of paternity right and property right leads to the production of the managementright.The power of the contract right includes the land contract right,the separate consideration claims,the land compensation right,the superintendence,the right to give away and the repealing right.The power of the management right includes the possession right,the right of use,the usufruct,the self-management right,the getting compensation right,the getting subsidies right,the hypothecation,the succession,and the right of the real claim.