我国乡村教育发展的历史脉络与现代启示

The History and Modern Enlightenment of Rural Education Development in China

乡村教育是指乡村地区的教育,即县级行政区划以下的乡镇、村落的教育;它包括乡村的学校教育,也包括乡村地区其他的非正式、非正规的一切文化、风俗等教育活动。乡村教育主要以广大乡村地区的学龄儿童和村民为教育对象,旨在以教育为主要手段,促进乡村儿童和村民的自我发展,促进乡村文化传承和乡村社会建设。纵观我国乡村教育的发展历史,"为农"是乡村教育发展的基本价值取向、乡村教育在国家与乡土社会的相互博弈中向前发展、传统文化对乡村教育的影响具有二重性、完善的乡村教育制度是推动乡村教育发展的重要动力。乡村教育与乡村发展相结合、乡村教育发展应充分考虑当地教育特征、民办教育是促进乡村教育发展的重要力量、优质的师资是推动乡村教育发展的关键因素。

Rural education refers to education in rural areas,that is,education in villages and towns below county-level administrative divisions.It includes school education in rural areas as well as other informal and non-formal cultural and customary education activities in rural areas.Rural education is mainly aimed at teaching school-age children and villagers in rural areas.It aims to promote the self-development of rural children and villagers,and to promote rural cultural heritage and rural social construction.Throughout the history of ancient,modern and contemporary rural education in China,there are several points worth noting:'for agriculture'is the basic value orientation of rural education development,rural education develops forward in the mutual game between the country and the local society,the influence of traditional culture on rural education is dual,the rural education system is an important driving force to promote the development of rural education.There are some lessons to be learned.Rural education should be combined with rural development;rural education development should give full consideration to the characteristics of local education;private education is an important force to promote the development of rural education;high-quality teachers is the key factor to promote rural education.