论《史记》刺客、游侠传的仁义主旨及其多维视角

Righteousness Theme in the Stories of Assassinators and Rangers in the Historical Records and the Multidimensional Perspectives

《史记》中的《刺客列传》和《游侠列传》,涉及侠的产生和发展历史及司马迁对侠的认识。从两传文本比较分析入手,可以窥见《刺客列传》和《游侠列传》虽有不同的立传主旨,但共同传达了司马迁对布衣精神的理解和概括,具有在大一统时代总结民族精神的意义,并且表现出司马迁多维立体的历史视野,即从历史人物形象入手,结合不同历史发展阶段,全面考察社会文化发展趋势的思维特点。这对探讨民族精神中仁义思想的发展演变、史家的思想认识及考史方法等将有所帮助。

Stories of Assassinators and Stories of Rangers in Historical Recordsinvolve generating and developing history of'Xia'and Sima Qian's understanding about it.Although the two biographies have different purposes which can be seen from textual analysis,they have conveyed Sima Qian's thought and generalization about the spirit of Bu-yi.It is of vital importance to summarizethe national spirit and show his multi-dimensional perspective.That is to say,thinking feature is demonstrated by historical characters in different historical stages as well as by an all-round investigation of social and cultural development trend,which is helpful in studying the justice and humanityof the traditional Chinese culture and probing into Historians'thoughts and their methods of reviewing history.