深圳河湾生态环境及保护对策分析

Ecological Environment of Shenzhen Bay and Protection Measures

深圳河为深港界河。深圳河河口有香港米铺国际湿地保护区和深圳福田红树林国家自然保护区,是候鸟迁徙的重要通道之一。但随着社会发展的需要,人类活动对深圳河湾的生态环境影响越来越明显。深圳侧的城市发展使深圳河湾的环境受到较大破坏;以工程措施为主的河道整治使原有生态环境承载、修复能力大大削弱;深圳湾的围填海减少了滩涂面积,使红树林种群及分布、底息动物、水生生物、鸟类栖息繁衍等均受到影响。为保护该区域的生态环境,提出了在以后的整治过程中划定泄洪控制线、适度清淤、加强河道管理等措施。

Shenzhen River is the boundary river between Shenzhen and Hong Kong. There are Mai po international wetland reserve of Hong Kong and Mangroves national nature reserve of Shenzhen Futian district in the estuary of Shenzhen river where serving an important channel for migratory birds. Along with the social development needs, the human impact on ecological environment become more and more obvious in this region. Urban development destroyed the environment in Shenzhen river step by step; Dredging engineering greatly weakened the original ecological environment carrying capacity and restoration ability; reclamation project in Shenzhen bay reduced the tidal flats which affected mangrove species and distribution, benthonic animal、aquatic organism and birds breeding. This article propose to designate the control line for flood discharge、desilt moderately and strengthen the river management to protect the ecological environment of the region.